【摘要】：排氣噪聲是氣動系統(tǒng)工作的必然產(chǎn)物，不僅影響氣動設(shè)備的使用壽命和工作效率，還會對工作者的身心健康造成危害，因此有必要對其進行噪聲控制。最常用的降噪方法之一便是在氣動系統(tǒng)尾部安裝消聲器。現(xiàn)今比較常用的消聲器是封閉結(jié)構(gòu)的，這種消聲器不僅會引入過大的壓降，而且長期使用后，異物會堵塞系統(tǒng)通路。本研究希望通過通孔式消聲器來解決上述問題。通孔式消聲器主要是靠其吸聲材料進行降噪，本文的主要研究對象便是應用于氣動用通孔式消聲器的吸聲材料。 對常用的吸聲材料進行了系統(tǒng)的分類，在所有材料中選擇了體積密度不同的四種聚酯纖維吸音棉、玻璃纖維、金屬纖維、巖棉、棉花作為本課題的研究對象。根據(jù)多孔吸聲材料的吸聲機理，確定了與材料吸聲性能相關(guān)的特性參數(shù)，并通過實驗對8種材料的特性參數(shù)進行了測量。 通過改進的Johnson-Allard等效流體模型和已經(jīng)測得的8種多孔吸聲材料的特性參數(shù)，計算出了這8種材料的聲阻抗和吸聲系數(shù)，對其物理意義也進行了明確的分析.用駐波管法對8種吸聲材料進行了實驗研究，，實際測量了其聲阻抗和吸聲系數(shù)，并與數(shù)值分析結(jié)果進行了對比。 采用有限元分析和實驗相結(jié)合的方法，對填充8種材料的通孔式消聲器進行了研究。用Virtual Lab軟件計算了8種消聲器的傳遞損失。制作了8個消聲器，安裝在氣動系統(tǒng)尾部，用傳聲器采集噪聲信號進行頻譜了分析。有限元分析和實驗同時說明，填充聚酯纖維A的消聲器效果最好，其次是金屬纖維和玻璃纖維，棉花和巖棉并不適合于通孔式消聲器。 本課題一共研究了四類最常用的材料：有機纖維類：棉花；無機纖維類：玻璃纖維；纖維制品：巖棉；高分子合成材料：聚酯纖維吸音棉；金屬纖維材料：銅纖維。通過對這些材料吸聲性能的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，高分子合成材料最適合通孔式消聲器，無機纖維材料也比較適合，但性能要差一點，金屬纖維材料適合中低頻時通孔式消聲器的降噪，有機纖維類和纖維制品不太適合做此類消聲器的吸聲材料。
[Abstract]:Exhaust noise is an inevitable product of pneumatic system, which not only affects the service life and working efficiency of pneumatic equipment, but also endangers workers' physical and mental health. Therefore, it is necessary to control the noise. One of the most commonly used noise reduction methods is to install mufflers at the end of the pneumatic system. Nowadays, the muffler is a closed structure, which will not only introduce excessive pressure drop, but also block the system path after long-term use. The purpose of this study is to solve the above problems by means of a through-hole muffler. The main research object of this paper is the sound absorption material used in pneumatic through muffler. Four kinds of polyester fiber sound absorbent cotton, glass fiber, metal fiber, rock wool and cotton with different volume density were selected as the research object of this paper. According to the sound absorption mechanism of porous sound absorbing materials, the characteristic parameters related to the sound absorption properties of the materials were determined, and the characteristic parameters of 8 kinds of materials were measured by experiments. Based on the improved Johnson-Allard equivalent fluid model and the characteristic parameters of 8 kinds of porous sound absorbing materials, the acoustic impedance and sound absorption coefficient of the eight kinds of materials are calculated, and their physical meanings are also analyzed. The acoustic impedance and absorption coefficient of 8 kinds of sound absorbing materials were measured by standing wave tube method and compared with the results of numerical analysis. The through-hole muffler filled with 8 kinds of materials was studied by the method of finite element analysis and experiment. The transfer loss of eight mufflers was calculated by Virtual Lab software. Eight mufflers are made and installed at the rear of the pneumatic system. The noise signals are collected by the microphone and the frequency spectrum is analyzed. The finite element analysis and experiments also show that the silencer filled with polyester fiber A is the best, followed by metal fiber and glass fiber, cotton and rock wool are not suitable for through hole muffler. Four kinds of materials are studied in this paper: organic fiber: cotton; inorganic fiber: glass fiber; fiber product: rock wool; polymer synthetic material: polyester fiber sound absorbent cotton; metal fiber material: copper fiber. Through the study of the sound absorption properties of these materials, it is found that the polymer synthetic material is the most suitable for the through type muffler, and the inorganic fiber material is also suitable for the noise reduction, but the performance of the metal fiber material is relatively poor, and the metal fiber material is suitable for the noise reduction of the through hole muffler at the middle and low frequency. Organic fibres and fiber products are not suitable for this type of muffler sound absorption material.
【學位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TB535.2

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本文編號：2370080