【摘要】：隨著航空航天工業(yè)，金屬制品、電子元件，和冶金產(chǎn)品等特殊行業(yè)對(duì)深冷低溫的需求，自動(dòng)復(fù)疊式制冷因其結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單、系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定性能好，同時(shí)可以滿足在普冷領(lǐng)域的低溫環(huán)境要求，而逐漸受到廣泛的重視。鑒于此，本文采用單級(jí)壓縮、一級(jí)分凝的形式，選用非共沸工質(zhì)對(duì)R22/R23為混合制冷劑，基于熱力學(xué)第一定律和熱力學(xué)第二定律對(duì)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行熱力循環(huán)特性分析，隨后實(shí)驗(yàn)研究了不同配比、不同蒸發(fā)溫度和不同分液比等系統(tǒng)參數(shù)對(duì)系統(tǒng)性能的影響。主要得出了以下結(jié)論： 1）基于熱力學(xué)第一定律和熱力學(xué)第二定律，結(jié)合自動(dòng)復(fù)疊式制冷的熱力學(xué)模型，研究了R22分液比、R22/R23工質(zhì)對(duì)配對(duì)、壓比、蒸發(fā)溫度和加熱量對(duì)系統(tǒng)性能的影響。結(jié)果表明：當(dāng)R22進(jìn)入蒸發(fā)冷凝器的份額越大時(shí)，隨著R22與R23的質(zhì)量流量比的增大，系統(tǒng)的COP也相應(yīng)的增加；R22與R23的配比在1.0~1.8范圍內(nèi)，，與COPL成正相關(guān)。 2）搭建了R22/R23自動(dòng)復(fù)疊式制冷系統(tǒng)實(shí)驗(yàn)平臺(tái)，實(shí)驗(yàn)研究了不同配比和R22分液比對(duì)系統(tǒng)性能的影響。結(jié)果表明：在系統(tǒng)開始運(yùn)行后的5分鐘內(nèi)，低溫箱內(nèi)的溫度和低溫蒸發(fā)器的進(jìn)出口溫度驟減；在不同的配比下，系統(tǒng)都能夠在30分鐘內(nèi)達(dá)到穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行的狀態(tài)；在不同的蒸發(fā)溫度下，當(dāng)工質(zhì)對(duì)分液比比在0.6~0.65范圍內(nèi)，系統(tǒng)都存在一個(gè)總COP的極值。 本文的創(chuàng)新在于選擇設(shè)計(jì)的自動(dòng)復(fù)疊式制冷系統(tǒng)有兩個(gè)蒸發(fā)箱，高溫箱和低溫箱同時(shí)制冷，產(chǎn)生制冷量，不僅可以研究常規(guī)的蒸發(fā)冷凝器和低溫箱的換熱和制冷特性，還充分的利用了工質(zhì)間的復(fù)疊，使高沸點(diǎn)工質(zhì)的余熱得到了充分的利用，改善了系統(tǒng)的性能。本文關(guān)于雙溫蒸發(fā)箱的實(shí)驗(yàn)性能研究對(duì)于一機(jī)多溫的冷庫和冰箱等制冷領(lǐng)域具有十分重要的指導(dǎo)與參考價(jià)值。
[Abstract]:With the special demand for cryogenic and low temperature in aerospace industry, metal products, electronic components and metallurgical products, automatic cascade refrigeration has the advantages of simple structure and good system stability. At the same time, it can meet the requirements of low temperature environment in the field of general cooling, and has been paid more and more attention. In view of this, this paper adopts the form of single-stage compression and first-order condensation, selects non-azeotropic working fluid pair R22/R23 as the mixed refrigerant, and analyzes the thermodynamic cycle characteristics of the system based on the first law of thermodynamics and the second law of thermodynamics. Then, the effects of system parameters such as different ratio, different evaporation temperature and different ratio of liquid to liquid on the system performance were studied. The main conclusions are as follows: 1) based on the first law of thermodynamics and the second law of thermodynamics, combined with the thermodynamic model of auto-cascade refrigeration, the R22 component liquid ratio, R22/R23 working pairs and pressure ratio are studied. The effect of evaporation temperature and heat addition on system performance. The results show that when R22 enters the evaporative condenser, the COP of the system increases with the increase of mass flow ratio of R22 to R23, and the ratio of R22 to R23 is in the range of 1.0 ~ 1.8, which is positively correlated with COPL. 2) the experimental platform of R22/R23 automatic cascade refrigeration system is built, and the effects of different ratio of R22 and R22 on the performance of the system are studied experimentally. The results show that the temperature in the cryogenic box and the inlet and outlet temperature of the cryogenic evaporator decrease sharply within 5 minutes after the system starts running, and the system can reach a stable operation state in 30 minutes under different ratios. At different evaporation temperatures, there is a total COP extremum in the system when the ratio of working medium to liquid is in the range of 0.6 ~ 0.65. The innovation of this paper is that the automatic cascade refrigeration system designed in this paper has two evaporators, the high temperature box and the low temperature box to refrigerate at the same time to produce the refrigerating capacity, which can not only study the heat transfer and refrigeration characteristics of the conventional evaporative condenser and the low temperature box. It also makes full use of the overlay between the working fluids, which makes full use of the waste heat of the high boiling point working fluid, and improves the performance of the system. In this paper, the experimental performance of the double-temperature evaporator is very important for the refrigeration field such as a multi-temperature refrigerator and a refrigerator.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TB657

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