【摘要】：隨著船舶發(fā)展趨向大型化、高速化，船舶數(shù)量大規(guī)模增加，水域交通密度亦隨之不斷增大。同時(shí)，受惡劣天氣等影響，水上交通事故時(shí)有發(fā)生。傳統(tǒng)避障聲納系統(tǒng)由于體積偏大且成本較高，在民用船舶中的裝配率很低。因此，小體積、低成本避障聲納系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)成為一種迫切需求。 T型MEMS矢量水聽(tīng)器是將MEMS技術(shù)與水聲學(xué)相結(jié)合設(shè)計(jì)并制作的一款小體積、高靈敏度、低成本水聲傳感器。本文基于T型水聽(tīng)器進(jìn)行避障聲納系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)，，首先介紹T型水聽(tīng)器工作原理，重點(diǎn)對(duì)水聽(tīng)器性能進(jìn)行了測(cè)試。然后通過(guò)分析聲納方程，同時(shí)結(jié)合水聽(tīng)器性能，確定了系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)方案和工作參數(shù)。該系統(tǒng)采用主動(dòng)脈沖測(cè)距法，以T型水聽(tīng)器作為聲納系統(tǒng)接收端，通過(guò)單片機(jī)控制實(shí)現(xiàn)避障功能。 系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)主要包括結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)、硬件電路和軟件設(shè)計(jì)。系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)中將發(fā)射端設(shè)計(jì)為截面積連續(xù)變化喇叭形狀，期望起到聚能效應(yīng)進(jìn)而提高發(fā)射聲能量�？紤]到避障系統(tǒng)在不同船體上的實(shí)際應(yīng)用，本文提出可設(shè)計(jì)小型發(fā)射裝置并通過(guò)強(qiáng)磁將其與船體吸附固定。硬件電路設(shè)計(jì)包括發(fā)射電路、接收處理電路和信號(hào)調(diào)理電路。其中，接收處理電路將回波信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)化為單片機(jī)可識(shí)別的電平信號(hào)。單片機(jī)通過(guò)程序控制實(shí)現(xiàn)聲信號(hào)的發(fā)射、接收、距離實(shí)時(shí)顯示以及預(yù)警功能。 系統(tǒng)樣機(jī)分別在消聲水池、水庫(kù)和海洋環(huán)境中進(jìn)行了測(cè)試，包括靜態(tài)測(cè)試和動(dòng)態(tài)測(cè)試。多次測(cè)試表明該聲納系統(tǒng)能夠準(zhǔn)確測(cè)量距離并實(shí)現(xiàn)避障功能。希望通過(guò)本文研究能夠進(jìn)一步推動(dòng)MEMS矢量水聽(tīng)器的工程化應(yīng)用。
[Abstract]:With the development of large-scale and high-speed ships, the number of ships increases and the traffic density increases. At the same time, affected by bad weather, water traffic accidents occur from time to time. Because of its large volume and high cost, the traditional obstacle avoidance sonar system has a low assembly rate in civil ships. Therefore, small volume, low-cost obstacle-avoidance sonar system has become an urgent need. T-type MEMS vector hydrophone is a small volume, high sensitivity and low cost underwater acoustic sensor which combines MEMS technology with underwater acoustics. In this paper, a barrier avoidance sonar system based on T-type hydrophone is designed. Firstly, the working principle of T-type hydrophone is introduced, and the performance of hydrophone is tested. Then, by analyzing the sonar equation and combining the hydrophone performance, the design scheme and working parameters of the system are determined. The system adopts the method of active pulse ranging and takes T type hydrophone as the receiving end of sonar system. The obstacle avoidance function is realized by single chip microcomputer control. The system design mainly includes structure design, hardware circuit and software design. In the structural design of the system, the transmitter is designed to continuously change the shape of the horn with cross-sectional area, which is expected to have the effect of concentrating energy and to improve the acoustic emission energy. Considering the practical application of obstacle avoidance system on different hull, a small launcher can be designed and immobilized with the hull by strong magnetic field. Hardware circuit design includes transmitting circuit, receiving processing circuit and signal conditioning circuit. The receiving and processing circuit converts the echo signal into a level signal recognizable by a single chip microcomputer. Single-chip computer through the program control to achieve the sound signal transmission, reception, distance real-time display and early warning function. The system prototype is tested in anechoic tank, reservoir and marine environment, including static test and dynamic test. Many tests show that the sonar system can accurately measure the distance and achieve obstacle avoidance. It is hoped that the research in this paper can further promote the engineering application of MEMS vector hydrophone.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TB565.1

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