【摘要】：籠套式節(jié)流閥常用于高壓氣井的開(kāi)采工作,是地面節(jié)流系統(tǒng)的核心部件,高壓天然氣流經(jīng)節(jié)流閥時(shí)產(chǎn)生的超高噪聲嚴(yán)重影響了井場(chǎng)的正常運(yùn)行。針對(duì)籠套式節(jié)流閥的氣動(dòng)噪聲問(wèn)題,本文采取數(shù)值模擬的方法對(duì)氣動(dòng)噪聲的產(chǎn)生機(jī)理以及噪聲特性進(jìn)行了研究,得到了相應(yīng)的結(jié)論,為生產(chǎn)低噪聲節(jié)流閥提供理論支撐。首先,建立流體域三維模型,采用計(jì)算流體力學(xué)軟件Fluent對(duì)其進(jìn)行穩(wěn)態(tài)和瞬態(tài)模擬;穩(wěn)態(tài)模擬得到了不同壓比下流體經(jīng)過(guò)閥門(mén)時(shí)的流動(dòng)狀態(tài),分析了結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)流場(chǎng)的具體影響,并為瞬態(tài)模擬提供基本的流場(chǎng)信息;對(duì)具有代表性的工況采用大渦模擬法進(jìn)行瞬態(tài)模擬,得到了流場(chǎng)的時(shí)變特性,瞬態(tài)結(jié)果在細(xì)節(jié)上更加精確的展現(xiàn)了流場(chǎng)分布特性;從渦流噪聲和射流噪聲出發(fā)分析了閥門(mén)氣動(dòng)噪聲的產(chǎn)生機(jī)理,分析了激波對(duì)流場(chǎng)以及聲場(chǎng)的作用。其次,運(yùn)用FW-H聲類(lèi)比法進(jìn)行聲學(xué)模擬,研究了閥門(mén)內(nèi)不同區(qū)域噪聲的頻譜特性,得到閥門(mén)氣動(dòng)噪聲的分布規(guī)律以及傳播特性;結(jié)合閥門(mén)流場(chǎng)分布,分析了閥門(mén)結(jié)構(gòu)和工況對(duì)氣動(dòng)噪聲的影響,得到了射流噪聲和湍流噪聲的主要貢獻(xiàn)頻率,同時(shí)得到了超音速射流和亞音速射流引起的氣動(dòng)噪聲的差異;然后,采用workbench軟件對(duì)閥門(mén)管匯系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)模態(tài)進(jìn)行了分析,并找出了閥門(mén)管匯系統(tǒng)中氣動(dòng)噪聲傳播的優(yōu)勢(shì)結(jié)構(gòu)模態(tài);采用virtual lab軟件分析了節(jié)流閥閥門(mén)腔體的聲學(xué)模態(tài),得到聲腔模態(tài)頻率以及模態(tài)振幅,并結(jié)合流場(chǎng)以及聲場(chǎng)的分布情況,得到其中引起聲學(xué)共鳴的優(yōu)勢(shì)模態(tài);最后,基于氣動(dòng)噪聲的產(chǎn)生和聲學(xué)特性的研究結(jié)論,對(duì)籠套式節(jié)流閥提出結(jié)構(gòu)改進(jìn),改變了閥門(mén)的流道結(jié)構(gòu),并從流場(chǎng)和聲場(chǎng)上分析了新型結(jié)構(gòu)的降噪效果。研究結(jié)果表明:閥門(mén)的節(jié)流作用導(dǎo)致流體的壓力能大部分轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)能形成超音速射流,射流在籠套內(nèi)相互碰撞與摻混,加上激波影響,使得該區(qū)域湍流程度最為劇烈,是引發(fā)節(jié)流閥強(qiáng)烈氣動(dòng)噪聲的根本原因。節(jié)流閥的氣動(dòng)噪聲具有寬頻特性,上游不同點(diǎn)聲噪聲壓級(jí)基本不變;下游噪聲聲壓級(jí)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)高于上游,沿著流動(dòng)方向射流噪聲的影響迅速減弱,總聲壓級(jí)也降低,主要噪聲頻帶向低頻帶轉(zhuǎn)移。節(jié)流閥的第5階和第11階結(jié)構(gòu)模態(tài)為優(yōu)勢(shì)模態(tài);聲學(xué)模態(tài)中3、7階為優(yōu)勢(shì)模態(tài)。改變籠套節(jié)流孔的入射角度可以改變流進(jìn)氣體的流動(dòng)狀態(tài),減小其流動(dòng)參數(shù)脈動(dòng)程度,從噪聲源上控制了噪聲的產(chǎn)生強(qiáng)度,具有較好的優(yōu)化效果。
[Abstract]:Cage jacketed throttle valve is often used in the production of high pressure gas wells and is the core component of the surface throttling system. The ultra-high noise produced when high pressure natural gas flows through the throttle valves seriously affects the normal operation of the well site. Aiming at the aerodynamic noise of cage type throttle valve, the mechanism and characteristics of pneumatic noise are studied by numerical simulation method, and the corresponding conclusions are obtained, which provide theoretical support for the production of low noise throttle valve. Firstly, the three-dimensional model of fluid domain is established, and the steady and transient simulation is carried out by using the computational fluid dynamics software Fluent. The steady state simulation obtained the flow state of the fluid passing through the valve under different pressure ratio, analyzed the concrete influence of the structure flow field, and provided the basic flow field information for the transient simulation. The time-varying characteristics of the flow field are obtained by using the large eddy simulation method, and the transient results show the distribution of the flow field more accurately in detail. The mechanism of valve aerodynamic noise is analyzed from eddy current noise and jet noise, and the effect of shock wave flow field and sound field is analyzed. Secondly, the FW-H acoustic analogy method is used to simulate the frequency spectrum of the noise in different regions of the valve, and the distribution and propagation characteristics of the aerodynamic noise in the valve are obtained. According to the distribution of valve flow field, the effects of valve structure and working conditions on aerodynamic noise are analyzed. The main contribution frequencies of jet noise and turbulent noise are obtained, and the difference of aerodynamic noise caused by supersonic jet and subsonic jet is obtained. Then, the structural modal of valve manifold system is analyzed by workbench software, and the dominant structural mode of pneumatic noise propagation in valve manifold system is found out. The acoustic modes of throttle valve cavity are analyzed by virtual lab software. The modal frequency and modal amplitude of the cavity are obtained, and the dominant modes which cause acoustic resonance are obtained by combining the flow field and the distribution of sound field. Finally, based on the conclusion of the research on the generation of aerodynamic noise and acoustic characteristics, the structure of cage sleeve throttle valve is improved to change the flow channel structure of the valve, and the noise reduction effect of the new structure is analyzed from the flow field and sound field. The results show that the throttling of the valve causes the pressure energy of the fluid to be converted into kinetic energy to form supersonic jet, and the jet collides and mixes with each other in the cage sleeve, and the impact of shock wave makes the turbulence degree in the region most intense. It is the root cause of the strong aerodynamic noise of throttle valve. The aerodynamic noise of throttle valve has wide frequency characteristic, and the noise pressure level at different points in upstream is basically unchanged. The downstream noise pressure level is much higher than that of upstream, the influence of jet noise along the flow direction is weakened rapidly, the total sound pressure level is also reduced, and the main noise frequency band is transferred to the low frequency band. The fifth and eleventh structural modes of the throttle valve are dominant modes, while the 37-order acoustic modes are dominant modes. Changing the incidence angle of the nozzles can change the flow state of the inlet gas, reduce the pulsation degree of the flow parameters, control the intensity of the noise from the noise source, and have a better optimization effect.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TE921.5;TB535

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