【摘要】：再制造工程作為新的制造業(yè)發(fā)展方向,具有產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量好、資源利用率高等優(yōu)點(diǎn),能夠制造出符合需要的機(jī)械產(chǎn)品并且解決大量的就業(yè)問題。再制造清洗技術(shù)作為再制造工程中的基礎(chǔ)環(huán)節(jié),為再制造產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量提供了基本保證。鹽浴清洗技術(shù)由于具有溫度高、性質(zhì)穩(wěn)定、用途廣泛等優(yōu)點(diǎn),可以作為一種有效的清洗方法應(yīng)用于再制造工程之中。 作為鹽浴清洗的介質(zhì),熔鹽本身具有溫度高、性質(zhì)穩(wěn)定、流動(dòng)性好的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。利用高溫特性,能夠加快清洗的速率；揮發(fā)性好保證了工作中材料損耗��；性質(zhì)穩(wěn)定降低了對(duì)清洗對(duì)象基體的腐蝕；好的流動(dòng)性能夠使清除下來的污染物快速地脫離零件基體表面。另外,熔鹽本身具有好的滲透和浸潤(rùn)特性,能夠更好地提升清洗的效果。 目前國(guó)內(nèi)對(duì)于鹽浴清洗應(yīng)用十分有限,研究相對(duì)較少。本文從熔鹽的物理性質(zhì)出發(fā),尋求其應(yīng)用于再制造清洗的理論基礎(chǔ)。研究了熔鹽的熔點(diǎn)、劣化溫度、粘度變化、表面張力等性質(zhì),并對(duì)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)積碳進(jìn)行了清洗試驗(yàn)。 利用差示掃描量熱法對(duì)硝酸鉀和亞硝酸鈉混合熔鹽進(jìn)行了熱物性分析,利用曲線得到了不同配比的熔鹽的熔點(diǎn)和劣化溫度,確定了其工作溫度范圍；利用藍(lán)寶石法測(cè)量了熔鹽的比熱變化,為提高鹽浴清洗的使用穩(wěn)定性提供了理論支持。 總結(jié)了幾種液體粘度測(cè)量方法的原理,利用回轉(zhuǎn)振蕩法測(cè)量了硝酸鉀和亞硝酸鈉熔鹽的粘度變化,得到了粘度曲線。根據(jù)目前國(guó)內(nèi)外提出的大量的熔鹽粘度近似計(jì)算公式進(jìn)行了比較。根據(jù)測(cè)得的粘度數(shù)據(jù),對(duì)其進(jìn)行了數(shù)據(jù)擬合,得到了硝酸鉀和亞硝酸鈉粘度近似計(jì)算經(jīng)驗(yàn)公式。 界面張力體現(xiàn)了液體與固體之間的浸潤(rùn)和附著能力,根據(jù)最大氣泡法,通過設(shè)計(jì)測(cè)量試驗(yàn)裝置,測(cè)量了熔融狀態(tài)的硝酸鉀和亞硝酸鈉熔鹽的表面張力,得到了混合熔鹽的表面張力與混合鹽的組成和溫度之間的關(guān)系。希望通過降低表面張力來提高作為清洗介質(zhì)的熔鹽與清洗對(duì)象之間的浸潤(rùn)程度,提升清洗效果。 介紹發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)內(nèi)部積碳的形成過程與危害,并以其為清洗目標(biāo),利用鹽浴方式對(duì)其進(jìn)行清洗,并對(duì)清洗結(jié)果行了試驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證,證明堿性鹽浴清洗技術(shù)對(duì)積碳能夠進(jìn)行快速有效地清洗。
[Abstract]:As a new developing direction of manufacturing industry, remanufacturing engineering has the advantages of good product quality and high utilization of resources. It can produce mechanical products that meet the needs and solve a large number of employment problems. As a basic link in remanufacturing engineering, remanufacturing cleaning technology provides a basic guarantee for the quality of remanufactured products. Because of its high temperature, stable properties and wide applications, salt bath cleaning technology can be used as an effective cleaning method in remanufacturing engineering. As the medium of salt bath cleaning, molten salt has the advantages of high temperature, stable property and good fluidity. By using the high temperature characteristic, the cleaning rate can be accelerated, the volatility can ensure the low material loss in the work, the property stability reduces the corrosion to the cleaning object matrix. Good fluidity enables the removal of contaminants quickly off the surface of the part substrate. In addition, the molten salt itself has good permeation and wetting characteristics, which can improve the cleaning effect. At present, the application of salt bath cleaning in China is very limited, and the research is relatively few. Based on the physical properties of molten salt, the theoretical basis of its application in remanufacturing cleaning is sought. The melting point, deterioration temperature, viscosity change and surface tension of molten salt were studied. The thermal properties of the mixed molten salt of potassium nitrate and sodium nitrite were analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry. The melting point and deterioration temperature of the molten salt with different proportions were obtained by the curve, and the working temperature range was determined. The specific heat of molten salt was measured by sapphire method, which provided theoretical support for improving the stability of salt bath cleaning. The principle of several liquid viscosity measurement methods is summarized. The viscosity changes of potassium nitrate and sodium nitrite molten salt are measured by rotary oscillation method, and the viscosity curve is obtained. A large number of approximate formulas for calculating the viscosity of molten salt have been compared at home and abroad. According to the measured viscosity data, the empirical formulas for the approximate calculation of the viscosity of potassium nitrate and sodium nitrite were obtained. The interfacial tension reflects the soakage and adhesion between liquid and solid. According to the maximum bubble method, the surface tension of molten potassium nitrate and sodium nitrite molten salt is measured by designing a test device. The relationship between the surface tension of the mixed molten salt and the composition and temperature of the mixed salt is obtained. It is hoped that the wetting degree between molten salt as cleaning medium and cleaning object can be improved by reducing surface tension, and the cleaning effect can be improved. This paper introduces the formation process and hazard of carbon deposition in the engine, taking it as the cleaning target, using salt bath to clean it, and validates the cleaning result by experiment. It is proved that alkaline salt bath cleaning technology can clean carbon deposit quickly and effectively.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TB490

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本文編號(hào)：2315023