【摘要】：近年來，隨著中國對節(jié)能減排的重視，提高能源利用率，成為人們的共識，建筑能耗成為我國主要能源消耗領(lǐng)域之一，而中央空調(diào)是建筑能耗的最主要環(huán)節(jié)，減少中央空調(diào)系統(tǒng)的能耗，提高空調(diào)系統(tǒng)的能效比，成為一個(gè)關(guān)鍵性的課題。 首先，綜述了中央空調(diào)系統(tǒng)節(jié)能技術(shù)的發(fā)展和研究現(xiàn)狀。分析了中央空調(diào)系統(tǒng)制冷系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu)與工藝原理，它是在蒸發(fā)器內(nèi)被氣化的制冷劑流經(jīng)制冷機(jī)組的壓縮機(jī)時(shí)被壓縮成高壓高溫的氣體，當(dāng)高溫高壓的制冷劑流經(jīng)冷凝器時(shí)候被來自冷卻塔的冷卻水冷卻成低溫高壓的氣體，低溫高壓的制冷劑通過膨脹閥后重新變成了低溫低壓的液體，而后再在蒸發(fā)器內(nèi)氣化，完成一次能量循環(huán)。將能量守恒定律和熱傳導(dǎo)作為依據(jù)，，針對中央空調(diào)制冷系統(tǒng)各工作環(huán)節(jié)的能耗特點(diǎn)的主要工藝流程，分析制冷設(shè)備的特點(diǎn)，運(yùn)用最小二乘法建立了關(guān)于制冷系統(tǒng)中能耗設(shè)備（制冷機(jī)、冷卻水泵和冷卻塔風(fēng)扇）的靜態(tài)模型。對中央空調(diào)制冷系統(tǒng)的非線性、對變量系統(tǒng)特性，確定了制冷系統(tǒng)的優(yōu)化目標(biāo)和約束條件。其次，分析了多目標(biāo)多約束條件的智能優(yōu)化算法--遺傳算法、粒子群算法、蟻群算法和基本群群算法特點(diǎn)，針對常用的智能優(yōu)化算法缺點(diǎn)和中央空調(diào)制冷系統(tǒng)的運(yùn)行特點(diǎn)，提出了改進(jìn)魚群算法，利用改進(jìn)的人工魚群優(yōu)化算法求解中央空調(diào)制冷系統(tǒng)的最小功率。 通過改變算法中的人工魚群的視野與步長的大小，提出了視步系數(shù)，克服了基本人工魚群優(yōu)化算法的收斂速度慢，收斂精度低，出現(xiàn)局部最優(yōu)，提高了優(yōu)化算法的搜索速度和精度，為中央空調(diào)制冷系統(tǒng)的節(jié)能優(yōu)化提供了一種新的有效方法。 最后，通過MATLAB仿真程序，對中央空調(diào)制冷系在不同外界環(huán)境條件下，分別用基本和改進(jìn)后的人工魚群優(yōu)化算法進(jìn)行了仿真實(shí)驗(yàn)，從仿真圖可知改進(jìn)后的人工魚群優(yōu)化算法明顯提高了收斂速度，同時(shí)也提高了收斂精度。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the importance of energy saving and emission reduction in China, it has become a common understanding for people to improve energy utilization efficiency. Building energy consumption has become one of the main energy consumption areas in China, and central air conditioning is the most important link in building energy consumption. Reducing the energy consumption of central air-conditioning system and improving the energy-efficiency ratio of air-conditioning system has become a key issue. Firstly, the development and research status of energy-saving technology in central air-conditioning system are summarized. The structure and technological principle of the refrigeration system of central air conditioning system are analyzed. The refrigerant vaporized in the evaporator is compressed into a high pressure and high temperature gas as it passes through the compressor of the refrigeration unit. When the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant flows through the condenser, it is cooled by the cooling water from the cooling tower into a low-temperature and high-pressure gas. The low-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant passes through the expansion valve to become a low-temperature and low-pressure liquid again, and then vaporized in the evaporator. Complete an energy cycle. Based on the law of conservation of energy and heat conduction, the characteristics of refrigeration equipment are analyzed according to the main technological process of energy consumption characteristics of each working link of central air-conditioning refrigeration system. The static model of energy consumption equipment (refrigerator, cooling water pump and cooling tower fan) in refrigeration system is established by using the least square method. For the nonlinearity of central air-conditioning refrigeration system and the characteristic of variable system, the optimization objective and constraint conditions of refrigeration system are determined. Secondly, the characteristics of multi-objective and multi-constraint intelligent optimization algorithms, such as genetic algorithm, particle swarm optimization algorithm, ant colony algorithm and basic swarm optimization algorithm, are analyzed, aiming at the shortcomings of common intelligent optimization algorithms and the operation characteristics of central air-conditioning refrigeration system. An improved fish swarm algorithm is proposed. The improved artificial fish swarm optimization algorithm is used to solve the minimum power of central air-conditioning refrigeration system. By changing the visual field and step size of artificial fish swarm in the algorithm, the apparent step coefficient is proposed, which overcomes the slow convergence speed, low convergence precision and local optimum of the basic artificial fish swarm optimization algorithm. The search speed and precision of the optimization algorithm are improved, which provides a new and effective method for energy saving optimization of central air-conditioning refrigeration system. Finally, through the MATLAB simulation program, the simulation experiments are carried out on the central air-conditioning refrigeration system under different environment conditions, respectively, using the basic and improved artificial fish swarm optimization algorithm. From the simulation diagram, we can see that the improved artificial fish swarm optimization algorithm obviously improves the convergence speed and the convergence accuracy.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：沈陽工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TP18;TB657

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