白水江流域滑坡地質災害危險性評價研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-10-30 12:40
【摘要】：白水江流域地處松潘-甘孜褶皺系、秦嶺褶皺系及上揚子地臺的結合部位,流域內地形地貌復雜,構造活動強烈,不良物理地質現(xiàn)象普遍發(fā)育。流域內共發(fā)育129處大-巨型滑坡災害,這些災害時刻威脅著場鎮(zhèn)居民的人身和財產(chǎn)安全。因此,開展白水江流域滑坡危險性評價可以給予流域內滑坡災害防治決策一定的參考價值,對有效減少因滑坡所造成的人員傷亡與財產(chǎn)損失具有極其重要的現(xiàn)實意義。本文依托“川西北地區(qū)大型堆積體發(fā)育及其環(huán)境效應研究”項目,在野外實際調查的基礎上,結合前人的研究成果,對白水江流域滑坡的工程地質條件、分布規(guī)律、發(fā)育特征、影響因素及形成機制進行了分析研究,并基于ARCGIS軟件采用AHP-CF法對白水江流域滑坡地質災害進行危險性評價。本文主要取得以下成果:(1)白水江流域位于川甘兩省交界處,地勢自北西向南東逐漸降低,流域內峰巒疊嶂,溝谷縱橫。流域內斷層、褶皺等地質構造發(fā)育,新構造運動劇烈,地震頻發(fā)。流域內巖性以板巖、千枚巖、灰?guī)r、變質砂巖為主,巖體多以軟硬互層的結構存在。(2)白水江流域共發(fā)育129處大-巨型滑坡,主要沿白水江干流中游、黑河中-下游、白河中游、馬連河以及中路河上游水系成帶狀分布,在馬連河堡子壩鄉(xiāng)一帶、白水江石雞壩鄉(xiāng)一帶以及白水江雙河鄉(xiāng)一帶滑坡集群分布,并且部分滑坡對河流岸別有一定的選擇性。流域內滑坡主要分布在1000-2500m的深切河谷區(qū)。流域內發(fā)育古滑坡46處,老滑坡47處,新滑坡36處。(3)在白水江流域滑坡地質災害中,平面形態(tài)為長條形的24處,舌形43處,半圓形22處,不規(guī)則形40處;土質滑坡24處,均為黃土滑坡,巖質滑坡105處,部分滑坡堆積體上覆厚層黃土或堆積體中還含有未解體的基巖;中層滑坡41處,深層滑坡79處,超深層滑坡9處;大型滑坡75處,特大型滑坡52處,巨型滑坡2處。不同水系的滑坡發(fā)育特征不盡相同。(4)白水江流域滑坡地質災害受地形地貌、工程地質巖組、岸坡結構、地質構造、河流水系、降雨條件、人類工程活動及地震這8個內在因素與外在因素影響,通過統(tǒng)計分析可知:(1)滑坡多發(fā)育在坡度為20~40°、坡高為200~600m及軟硬巖相間的斜坡內,對坡向為正西和南西方向,岸坡結構為順向坡和逆向坡的斜坡較為敏感;(2)地質構造與河流水系對滑坡的發(fā)育起到一定的控制作用;(3)流域內滑坡均發(fā)生在年均降雨量為400~600mm的范圍內;(4)人類工程活動與滑坡的分布有著密切的聯(lián)系。流域內滑坡的形成機制主要有3種,分別為彎曲-拉裂型、滑移-拉裂型及拉裂-潰滑型。(5)根據(jù)對白水江流域滑坡地質災害分布規(guī)律、發(fā)育特征和影響因素的分析,選擇坡度、坡向、坡高、工程地質巖組、岸坡結構、地質構造、河流水系、降雨條件、人類工程活動9個評價因子和300×300m的評價單元建立滑坡地質災害危險性評價指標體系,并結合AHP-CF評價模型得到白水江流域滑坡地質災害危險性評價結果,并通過數(shù)學統(tǒng)計法和ROC曲線分析法驗證了結果的合理性。評價結果將白水江流域危險性程度劃分為四個等級:(1)高危險區(qū),面積為1557.22km2,共發(fā)育滑坡74處;(2)中危險區(qū),面積為3327.18km2,共發(fā)育滑坡39處;(3)低危險區(qū),面積為2584.64km2,共發(fā)育滑坡15處;(4)極低危險區(qū),面積為788.11km2,共發(fā)育滑坡1處。
[Abstract]:The Baishuijiang River Basin is located in Songpan-Ganzi fold system, the Qinling fold system and the uplift of the upper Yangtze platform. The topography of the river basin is complicated, the tectonic activity is strong, and the adverse physical geological phenomena are generally developed. There are 129 large-mega-landslide disasters in the basin, which threaten the safety of the people and property of the residents in the field. Therefore, the risk assessment of landslide in Baishuijiang River Basin can provide some reference value for the decision-making of landslide hazard in river basin, and it is of great practical significance to effectively reduce the casualties and property loss caused by landslide. This paper relies on Study on the Development and Environmental Effects of Large-scale Accumulation in the Northwest of Sichuan On the basis of field investigation, the engineering geological conditions, distribution laws, development characteristics, influencing factors and forming mechanism of landslide in Baishuijiang River Basin are analyzed and studied in combination with previous research results. Based on the AHP-CF method, the risk assessment of landslide geological disasters in Baishui River basin was carried out. The main results are as follows: (1) The Baishuijiang River basin is located at the intersection of the two provinces of Sichuan and Gansu, and the terrain gradually decreases from the north to the east, and the peaks and valleys in the river basin are stacked and the valleys are horizontal and horizontal. The faults, folds and other geological structures in the basin are developed, the neotectonic movement is severe and the earthquake is frequent. The lithology of the river basin is mainly composed of slate, thousand marble, limestone and metamorphic sandstone, and the rock mass is present in the structure of soft and hard mutual layer. (2) There are 129 large-giant landslides in the Baishui River basin, mainly in the middle reaches of the main stream of Baishuijiang River, in the middle-downstream of the Baishuijiang River, the middle reaches of the Baihe River, the Ma Lianhe River and the upper reaches of the Middle Road. The distribution of landslide cluster in the area of Shijiaba Township of Baishui River and the Shuanghe Township of Baishuijiang River are distributed, and some landslide has certain selectivity to the river bank. The landslide is mainly distributed in the deep valley area of 1000-2500m. There are 46 landslides in the basin, 47 in the old landslide and 36 at the new landslide. (3) In the geological disasters of the Baishui River valley, the plane shape is 24 at the strip shape, the tongue shape is 43, the semicircular shape is 22, the irregular shape is 40, and the soil landslide 24 is a loess landslide and a rock mass landslide 105. Part of the landslide pile is covered with thick layer of loess or pile with undecomposed bed rock, middle layer landslide 41, deep landslide 79, super deep landslide 9, large landslide 75, super-large landslide 52, giant landslide 2. The development characteristics of landslides in different water systems are different. (4) The geological hazards in Baishui River basin are affected by topography, engineering geological rock group, bank slope structure, geological structure, river water system, rainfall condition, human engineering activities and earthquake. (1) The slope of the landslide is 20 ~ 40 擄, the slope height is 200 ~ 600m, and the slope of the soft and hard rock phases is in the slope, which is more sensitive to the slope towards the south west and the south west, and the bank slope structure is the slope of the forward slope and the reverse slope; (2) the geological structure and the river water system play a certain role in controlling the development of the landslide; (3) The landslide in the basin is within the range of 400 ~ 600mm annually; (4) The human engineering activities are closely related to the distribution of landslide. There are three main mechanisms of landslide formation in the basin, which are curved-pull-crack type, slip-type crack type and fracture-collapse type. (5) According to the analysis of the distribution rule, development characteristics and influencing factors of landslide hazards in Baishui River basin, the slope, slope direction, slope height, engineering geological rock group, bank slope structure, geological structure, river water system and rainfall condition are selected. The risk assessment index system of landslide hazard is established by nine evaluation factors of human engineering activities and the evaluation unit of 300x300m, and the risk assessment results of landslide hazard in Baishui River basin are obtained in combination with the AHP-CF evaluation model. The rationality of the results is verified by mathematical calculation method and ROC curve analysis method. The assessment result divides the danger degree of Baishuijiang river basin into four levels: (1) high hazard zone with an area of 1557. 22km2, developed landslide 74; (2) middle danger zone, area 3327. 18km2, co-developed landslide 39; (3) low hazard zone with area of 2584. 64km2, co-developed landslide 15; (4) Very low risk area, with an area of 788. 11km2, with a total development landslide 1.
【學位授予單位】：成都理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：P642.22
[Abstract]:The Baishuijiang River Basin is located in Songpan-Ganzi fold system, the Qinling fold system and the uplift of the upper Yangtze platform. The topography of the river basin is complicated, the tectonic activity is strong, and the adverse physical geological phenomena are generally developed. There are 129 large-mega-landslide disasters in the basin, which threaten the safety of the people and property of the residents in the field. Therefore, the risk assessment of landslide in Baishuijiang River Basin can provide some reference value for the decision-making of landslide hazard in river basin, and it is of great practical significance to effectively reduce the casualties and property loss caused by landslide. This paper relies on Study on the Development and Environmental Effects of Large-scale Accumulation in the Northwest of Sichuan On the basis of field investigation, the engineering geological conditions, distribution laws, development characteristics, influencing factors and forming mechanism of landslide in Baishuijiang River Basin are analyzed and studied in combination with previous research results. Based on the AHP-CF method, the risk assessment of landslide geological disasters in Baishui River basin was carried out. The main results are as follows: (1) The Baishuijiang River basin is located at the intersection of the two provinces of Sichuan and Gansu, and the terrain gradually decreases from the north to the east, and the peaks and valleys in the river basin are stacked and the valleys are horizontal and horizontal. The faults, folds and other geological structures in the basin are developed, the neotectonic movement is severe and the earthquake is frequent. The lithology of the river basin is mainly composed of slate, thousand marble, limestone and metamorphic sandstone, and the rock mass is present in the structure of soft and hard mutual layer. (2) There are 129 large-giant landslides in the Baishui River basin, mainly in the middle reaches of the main stream of Baishuijiang River, in the middle-downstream of the Baishuijiang River, the middle reaches of the Baihe River, the Ma Lianhe River and the upper reaches of the Middle Road. The distribution of landslide cluster in the area of Shijiaba Township of Baishui River and the Shuanghe Township of Baishuijiang River are distributed, and some landslide has certain selectivity to the river bank. The landslide is mainly distributed in the deep valley area of 1000-2500m. There are 46 landslides in the basin, 47 in the old landslide and 36 at the new landslide. (3) In the geological disasters of the Baishui River valley, the plane shape is 24 at the strip shape, the tongue shape is 43, the semicircular shape is 22, the irregular shape is 40, and the soil landslide 24 is a loess landslide and a rock mass landslide 105. Part of the landslide pile is covered with thick layer of loess or pile with undecomposed bed rock, middle layer landslide 41, deep landslide 79, super deep landslide 9, large landslide 75, super-large landslide 52, giant landslide 2. The development characteristics of landslides in different water systems are different. (4) The geological hazards in Baishui River basin are affected by topography, engineering geological rock group, bank slope structure, geological structure, river water system, rainfall condition, human engineering activities and earthquake. (1) The slope of the landslide is 20 ~ 40 擄, the slope height is 200 ~ 600m, and the slope of the soft and hard rock phases is in the slope, which is more sensitive to the slope towards the south west and the south west, and the bank slope structure is the slope of the forward slope and the reverse slope; (2) the geological structure and the river water system play a certain role in controlling the development of the landslide; (3) The landslide in the basin is within the range of 400 ~ 600mm annually; (4) The human engineering activities are closely related to the distribution of landslide. There are three main mechanisms of landslide formation in the basin, which are curved-pull-crack type, slip-type crack type and fracture-collapse type. (5) According to the analysis of the distribution rule, development characteristics and influencing factors of landslide hazards in Baishui River basin, the slope, slope direction, slope height, engineering geological rock group, bank slope structure, geological structure, river water system and rainfall condition are selected. The risk assessment index system of landslide hazard is established by nine evaluation factors of human engineering activities and the evaluation unit of 300x300m, and the risk assessment results of landslide hazard in Baishui River basin are obtained in combination with the AHP-CF evaluation model. The rationality of the results is verified by mathematical calculation method and ROC curve analysis method. The assessment result divides the danger degree of Baishuijiang river basin into four levels: (1) high hazard zone with an area of 1557. 22km2, developed landslide 74; (2) middle danger zone, area 3327. 18km2, co-developed landslide 39; (3) low hazard zone with area of 2584. 64km2, co-developed landslide 15; (4) Very low risk area, with an area of 788. 11km2, with a total development landslide 1.
【學位授予單位】：成都理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：P642.22
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