【摘要】：射流管式電液伺服閥因其前置級為射流管式放大器而得名,由于其具有優(yōu)異的抗污染性能,國內(nèi)外航空及艦船已大量采用射流管伺服閥代替?zhèn)鹘y(tǒng)的噴嘴擋板伺服閥。由于射流流場十分復(fù)雜,目前對射流管伺服閥的理論分析并不成熟,主要依靠大量的試驗來設(shè)計或改進其結(jié)構(gòu),但因其加工焊接工藝難度大,裝配調(diào)試技術(shù)要求高,試驗的方法往往需要耗費大量的人力物力,因此采用準(zhǔn)確、高效的仿真技術(shù)對其各方面性能進行深入研究,對于射流管伺服閥相關(guān)技術(shù)的改進具有重要的意義。隨著計算機軟硬件技術(shù)的迅猛發(fā)展,產(chǎn)生了數(shù)值模擬技術(shù),它主要結(jié)合有限元或有限體積等數(shù)值求解方法,通過數(shù)值計算和圖像顯示達到對實際工程問題進行研究的目的。該技術(shù)通過數(shù)值計算方法逼近問題的真實解,解決了復(fù)雜問題通常無法得到其解析解的難題。本文將理論推導(dǎo)及數(shù)值模擬技術(shù)相結(jié)合,對射流管電液伺服閥進行部分及整體分析,主要貢獻如下:[1]在對射流管伺服閥結(jié)構(gòu)及工作原理進行分析的基礎(chǔ)上,對力矩馬達、射流放大器以及銜鐵-反饋桿組件這三個部分分別進行理論模型的推導(dǎo)。在傳統(tǒng)的集中參數(shù)建模過程中,對于射流放大器通常采用壓力-流量線性化方程來簡化其流場部分的計算,本文通過推導(dǎo)接收器的面積分配公式,并采用能量守恒及沖量定理兩種方法完成對射流流場模型的建立;在對較為成熟的噴嘴擋板伺服閥模型進行分析的基礎(chǔ)上,完成對銜鐵-反饋桿組件數(shù)學(xué)模型的建立。進一步利用AMESim軟件的二次開發(fā)工具AMESet編寫了射流放大器及銜鐵-反饋桿組件模塊,并在AMESim中搭建整閥模型并完成仿真分析。[2]采用數(shù)值模擬技術(shù)對射流管伺服閥的力矩馬達、射流放大器以及銜鐵-反饋桿組件分別進行三維建模及仿真分析。以電磁場理論為基礎(chǔ),采用有限元方法對銜鐵偏轉(zhuǎn)過程中力矩馬達的瞬態(tài)磁場進行分析,考慮了漏磁現(xiàn)象及各種電磁效應(yīng);以結(jié)構(gòu)靜力學(xué)為基礎(chǔ)采用有限元法對銜鐵-反饋桿組件進行結(jié)構(gòu)靜力分析;以流體力學(xué)理論為基礎(chǔ)采用有限體積法對射流放大器的流場及閥芯閥套中油液的流場進行分析,對于射流放大器中的流場,在多相流模型的基礎(chǔ)上,通過用戶自定義函數(shù)UDF進行編程,考慮了油液中溶解氣體的析出對流場計算的影響,對于閥芯閥套中的流場,利用FLUENT的動網(wǎng)格技術(shù),分析了隨著滑閥的移動閥的輸出流量。[3]在對射流管伺服閥各組件進行數(shù)值計算的基礎(chǔ)上,提出兩種方法對整閥進行數(shù)值模擬,一是將各場的數(shù)值計算結(jié)果通過插值的方法擬合得到各變量間的關(guān)系式,在MATLAB軟件中完成系統(tǒng)模型的搭建并仿真;二是結(jié)合結(jié)構(gòu)動力學(xué)理論,利用ANSYS的參數(shù)化語言APDL編程,將力矩馬達磁場及射流放大器流場部分的數(shù)值分析結(jié)果作為可變邊界條件施加在銜鐵-反饋桿組件結(jié)構(gòu)上完成瞬態(tài)動力學(xué)仿真。進一步分析了射流管伺服閥的一些相關(guān)特性,包括對射流管伺服閥關(guān)鍵部位的剛度進行計算,給出了反饋桿剛度的設(shè)計方法并對其結(jié)構(gòu)進行優(yōu)化;對銜鐵-彈簧管組件進行模態(tài)及諧響應(yīng)分析,并分析了彈簧管的材料及厚度對組件共振頻率的影響;逐個分析了射流放大器的結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)對其放大效率的影響,包括油液的入口及出口壓強、射流噴嘴與接收器的距離、接收器上兩接收孔的直徑、距離及夾角。[4]將優(yōu)化算法引入射流放大器的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計,并提出了兩種優(yōu)化流程。一種是基于集中參數(shù)模型推導(dǎo)的方法,將得到的壓差函數(shù)作為優(yōu)化的目標(biāo)函數(shù),利用智能算法編程從而完成多個參數(shù)的迭代優(yōu)化。該方法能夠方便快捷地對射流放大器的多個結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)同時進行優(yōu)化,但由于射流流場十分復(fù)雜,包括壁面射流及二次回流等復(fù)雜流動現(xiàn)象,對其進行精確的建模十分困難,簡化的過程往往會丟失某些結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)對流場的影響;另一種是基于三維模型的數(shù)值優(yōu)化方法,該方法以模型參數(shù)化為前提,通過多軟件的集成實現(xiàn)建模、數(shù)值計算、參數(shù)優(yōu)化、模型更新等過程的自動循環(huán),有效避開了對射流流場進行準(zhǔn)確數(shù)學(xué)建模的難題,為復(fù)雜流場的設(shè)計提供了一個準(zhǔn)確、全自動的優(yōu)化平臺。[5]射流放大器中油液對接收器的沖蝕磨損會影響整閥的性能。以射流放大器為研究對象,將計算流體動力學(xué)理論與沖蝕理論相結(jié)合,應(yīng)用雷諾平均方程,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)k-ε兩方程模型(液相),離散相流動模型DPM(固相)和塑性材料沖蝕磨損模型,采用流體動力學(xué)軟件FLUENT對射流放大器壁面的沖蝕磨損率進行數(shù)值計算,并通過分析得到了壁面上沖蝕磨損率的分布規(guī)律,最后利用所得結(jié)果對射流放大器的壽命進行預(yù)測。該研究方法及結(jié)果對于射流管式伺服閥故障的定性分析具有一定的參考價值。
[Abstract]:The jet tube electro-hydraulic servo valve is named because of its pre-stage as the jet tube amplifier. Because of its excellent performance, the air and naval vessels at home and abroad have adopted the jet pipe servo valve instead of the traditional nozzle baffle servo valve. Because the jet flow field is very complicated, the theory analysis of the jet pipe servo valve is not mature, mainly depends on a lot of experiments to design or improve the structure of the jet pipe servo valve, but because of the difficulty in processing and welding the welding technology, the assembly and debugging technical requirement is high, The test method often requires a lot of manpower and material resources, so it is very important to improve the performance of jet pipe servo valve with accurate and efficient simulation technology. With the rapid development of computer software and hardware technology, numerical simulation technology is developed, which mainly combines finite element or finite volume numerical solution, and achieves the purpose of studying the practical engineering problem through numerical calculation and image display. In this paper, the real solution of the problem is approximated by the numerical method, which solves the difficult problem that the complex problem can't get its analytical solution. Based on the analysis of the structure and working principle of the jet pipe servo valve, this paper gives the following conclusions:[1] on the basis of analysis of the structure and working principle of the jet pipe servo valve, the moment motor, The three parts of the jet amplifier and the armature-feedback rod assembly are derived from the theoretical model. In the traditional lumped parameter modeling process, the pressure-flow linearized equation is usually adopted for the jet amplifier to simplify the calculation of the flow field part. The formula of the area distribution of the receiver is deduced in this paper. Based on the analysis of the mature nozzle baffle servo valve model, the mathematical model of the armature-feedback rod assembly was established. A jet amplifier and armature-feedback rod assembly module were prepared using AMESim software's secondary development tool AMESet, and the whole valve model was built in AMESim and the simulation analysis was completed.[2] Three-dimensional modeling and simulation analysis of torque motor, jet amplifier and armature-feedback rod assembly of jet tube servo valve were carried out by numerical simulation technique. Based on the theory of electromagnetic field, the transient magnetic field of moment motor in the course of armature deflection is analyzed by finite element method, the leakage magnetic phenomena and various electromagnetic effects are taken into account, and the structure static analysis of armature-feedback rod assembly is carried out by finite element method based on structural statics. Based on the fluid mechanics theory, the flow field of the jet amplifier and the flow field of the oil in the valve sleeve are analyzed by using the finite volume method, and the flow field in the jet amplifier is programmed according to the user-defined function UDF on the basis of the multiphase flow model. Considering the influence of the precipitation convection field calculation of the dissolved gas in oil, the flow field in the valve sleeve is analyzed, and the output flow of the moving valve with the slide valve is analyzed by using the dynamic mesh technique of FLUENT.[3] Based on the numerical calculation of the components of the jet pipe servo valve, two methods are proposed to simulate the whole valve, one is to match the numerical results of each field with the interpolation method to obtain the relation between the variables. The system model is set up and simulated in MATLAB software, the second is the combination of structural dynamics theory, using ANSYS's parametric language APDL programming, Numerical analysis of the moment motor magnetic field and the flow field part of the jet amplifier is applied to the armature-feedback rod assembly structure as a variable boundary condition to complete the transient dynamic simulation. Some characteristics of the jet pipe servo valve are analyzed, including the calculation of the rigidity of the key part of the jet pipe servo valve, the design method of the stiffness of the feedback rod is given, and the structure is optimized. The modal and harmonic response analysis of the armature-spring tube assembly is carried out. The influence of the material and thickness of the spring tube on the resonant frequency of the component is analyzed, and the influence of the structural parameters of the jet amplifier on its amplification efficiency is analyzed one by one, including the inlet and outlet pressure of the oil, the distance between the jet nozzle and the receiver, the diameter of the two receiving holes on the receiver, Distance and included angle.[4] The optimization algorithm is introduced into the structural design of the jet amplifier, and two kinds of optimization flow are put forward. The invention relates to a method based on a lumped parameter model, wherein the obtained differential pressure function is used as an optimized target function, and an intelligent algorithm is utilized to program so as to complete the iterative optimization of a plurality of parameters. According to the method, a plurality of structural parameters of the jet amplifier can be optimized conveniently and quickly, but due to the complexity of the jet flow field, complex flow phenomena such as wall surface jet and secondary backflow are complicated, accurate modeling is difficult, the simplified process tends to lose the influence of some structural parameter convection fields, and the other is a numerical optimization method based on a three-dimensional model, which takes model parameters as the premise, realizes the automatic circulation of modeling, numerical calculation, parameter optimization, model updating and the like through the integration of multi-software, The problem of accurate mathematical modeling of the jet flow field is effectively avoided, and an accurate and full-automatic optimization platform is provided for the design of the complex flow field.[5] The erosion wear of the oil in the jet amplifier affects the performance of the whole valve. Using the jet amplifier as the research object, the computational fluid dynamics theory and the erosion theory are combined, the Reynolds average equation, the standard k-Laplace equation model (liquid phase), the discrete phase flow model DPM (solid phase) and the erosion wear model of the plastic material are applied. The erosion wear rate of jet amplifier wall was calculated by FLUENT using FLUENT, and the distribution law of erosion wear rate was obtained through analysis. Finally, the life of jet amplifier was predicted with the result. The research methods and results have some reference value for the qualitative analysis of jet tube servo valve fault.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TH137.5
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本文編號：2295218