【摘要】：隔聲結(jié)構(gòu)聲傳播特性計算是產(chǎn)品低噪聲設(shè)計階段的重要環(huán)節(jié),也是產(chǎn)品噪聲控制工程中的降噪依據(jù)。由于結(jié)構(gòu)、工藝和密封效果的原因,隔聲構(gòu)件上存在孔洞或縫隙(下文簡稱“孔隙”)不可避免。如汽車車門與車身間形成的帶縫隙結(jié)構(gòu)、汽車發(fā)動機(jī)艙和駕駛艙間帶孔的隔聲墻、航空發(fā)動機(jī)進(jìn)氣道的聲襯等。研究工程中這一類帶孔隙隔聲結(jié)構(gòu)的聲傳播特性、建立聲傳播特性與孔隙幾何參數(shù)間的關(guān)系、推導(dǎo)帶孔隙隔聲結(jié)構(gòu)聲傳播特性計算方法,對產(chǎn)品低噪聲設(shè)計和降噪工程的實(shí)施具有重要意義。 本文以國防973子項目研究為背景,以隔聲結(jié)構(gòu)上的孔隙為研究對象,對多種形狀孔隙在法向入射、傾斜入射和散射聲場入射時聲傳播特性計算方法進(jìn)行深入研究。建立了復(fù)雜孔隙的聲傳播特性計算公式,給出了大尺寸矩形或圓形孔隙聲傳播特性全頻段快速計算方法。在此基礎(chǔ)上,提出了內(nèi)有平均流的孔隙聲傳播特性計算方法。本文的主要研究工作和創(chuàng)新性成果如下： 1)復(fù)雜孔隙的聲傳播特性計算方法研究。平面波假設(shè)下提出了復(fù)雜孔隙聲傳播特性計算的一般方法,建立了該計算方法的解析公式。通過直孔、錐孔、突變截面孔等類型孔的聲傳播特性解析計算、算例對比,驗(yàn)證了該方法的正確性；分析了孔隙幾何參數(shù)對其聲傳播特性的影響,為帶復(fù)雜孔隙隔聲結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)計提供了一種通用的解析計算方法,提高了其計算適應(yīng)性。 2)大尺寸孔隙聲傳播特性全頻帶計算方法研究。當(dāng)分析頻率很高或孔隙尺寸較大時,計算頻率往往會超過孔隙的截止頻率,平面波假設(shè)下的計算模型失效。本文推導(dǎo)并建立了全頻帶矩形和圓形孔隙的聲傳播特性解析計算公式,解決截止頻率以上孔隙的聲傳播特性計算問題,較之已有的解析計算方法具有顯著的速度優(yōu)勢。計算結(jié)果與已有解析方法計算結(jié)果、聲學(xué)有限元法仿真結(jié)果和實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果對比,具有很高的吻合度,驗(yàn)證了其正確性；同時,還研究了孔隙幾何參數(shù)對其聲傳播特性的影響,用工程實(shí)例檢驗(yàn)了本方法的準(zhǔn)確性和優(yōu)越性,為帶此類孔隙隔聲結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)計提供依據(jù)。 3)隔聲結(jié)構(gòu)上孔隙出入口界面處聲輻射阻抗計算方法研究。帶孔隙隔聲結(jié)構(gòu)的聲傳播計算結(jié)果與孔入口和出口界面處聲輻射阻抗密切相關(guān),聲輻射阻抗受輻射體表面振動模態(tài)的控制。本文提出一種考慮輻射體表面振動模態(tài)的聲輻射阻抗計算方法,用變量代換法將四重積分降為二重積分,用極坐標(biāo)變換方法解決了該類聲輻射阻抗計算中的奇異值問題,降低了聲輻射阻抗求解的復(fù)雜程度,為帶孔隙隔聲結(jié)構(gòu)的聲傳播特性計算提供重要支持。 4)考慮結(jié)構(gòu)聲透射的帶孔隙隔聲結(jié)構(gòu)聲傳播特性計算的應(yīng)用研究。采用Patch加權(quán)聲傳遞率方法開展考慮結(jié)構(gòu)聲透射的帶孔隔聲結(jié)構(gòu)聲傳播特性計算,將孔用Patch方法附加到無孔隙隔聲板上,獲得孔聲泄露的量化數(shù)值,從而得到含孔隔聲結(jié)構(gòu)的總聲傳遞率和聲傳遞損失,建立了一種考慮結(jié)構(gòu)聲透射的帶孔隙隔聲結(jié)構(gòu)的聲傳播特性計算方法,為孔隙的存在對隔聲結(jié)構(gòu)聲傳播特性影響提供量化指標(biāo)；聲學(xué)有限元法仿真結(jié)果驗(yàn)證了本文計算方法的有效性。 5)內(nèi)有平均流的孔隙聲傳播計算方法研究。在孔隙聲傳播特性計算方法的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合孔隙內(nèi)有平均流的聲波波動方程,推導(dǎo)并建立了內(nèi)有平均流的孔隙聲傳播特性計算公式。將本文解析計算結(jié)果與聲學(xué)有限元法仿真結(jié)果進(jìn)行對比,驗(yàn)證其正確性。在此基礎(chǔ)上初步研究了平均流對孔隙聲傳播特性的影響,為航空發(fā)動機(jī)聲襯設(shè)計提供參考。
[Abstract]:Sound propagation characteristic calculation of sound insulation structure is an important part of low noise design stage of product, and it is also the basis of noise reduction in noise control engineering of product. Due to the structure, process and sealing effect, there is a hole or gap on the sound insulation component (hereinafter referred to as" "Porosity") inevitable. such as a belt gap structure formed between an automobile door and a vehicle body, an automobile engine compartment and a sound insulation wall with holes in the cockpit, an acoustic liner of an air engine intake duct, and the like. In this paper, the acoustic propagation characteristics of this kind of porous sound insulation structure are studied, the relation between acoustic propagation characteristics and pore geometry parameters is established, and the calculation method of acoustic propagation characteristics with pore sound insulation structure is deduced. It is of great significance for the implementation of low noise design and noise reduction engineering of products. Based on the study of the National Defense 973 Sub-project, this paper studies the acoustic propagation characteristics of various shapes and pores on the incident, oblique incidence and scattering sound field of various shapes, taking the pore as the research object in the sound insulation structure. In this paper, a formula for calculating the acoustic propagation characteristics of complex pores is established, and a full-band fast calculation of the acoustic propagation characteristics of large-sized rectangular or circular pores is given. On the basis of this, the acoustic propagation characteristics of the pore with an average flow are put forward. Methods: The main research work and innovative results of this paper The following: 1) Acoustic propagation characteristics of complex porosity In this paper, a general method for calculating the propagation characteristics of complex pore sound is put forward under the assumption of plane wave, and the calculation method is established. Through the analysis of the acoustic propagation characteristics of the types of holes such as straight holes, cone holes and abrupt faces, the correctness of the method is verified, and the acoustic propagation of the pore geometric parameters is analyzed. The influence of characteristics provides a general analytical calculation method for the design of sound insulation structure with complex porosity. Computational adaptability. 2) Large-size pore sound propagation characteristics The frequency band calculation method. When the analysis frequency is high or the pore size is large, the calculation frequency tends to exceed the cut-off frequency and plane wave hypothesis of the pore. In this paper, the calculation formula of the acoustic propagation characteristics of the full-band rectangle and circular aperture is derived, and the calculation of the acoustic propagation characteristics of the above-cut-off frequency is solved, compared with the existing analytical calculation method. The results are compared with the results of the existing analytical method, the simulation results of the acoustic finite element method and the experimental results, the accuracy is verified, and meanwhile, the pore geometry parameters are also studied. The influence of acoustic propagation characteristics, the accuracy and superiority of this method are verified by engineering examples, and it is a sound insulation knot with such pores. The design of structure provides the basis for the design of sound insulation structure. Acoustic radiation impedance calculation method is studied. The results of acoustic propagation with pore sound insulation structure are closely related to the acoustic radiation impedance at the entrance and exit interface of the hole, and the acoustic radiation impedance is affected by radiation. In this paper, a method for calculating the vibration mode of the surface of the radiator is proposed. The method of calculating the acoustic radiation impedance of the vibration mode of the surface of the radiator is proposed. The four heavy integral is reduced to the double integral by the variable substitution method. The singular value problem in the calculation of the acoustic radiation impedance is solved by using the polar coordinate transformation method, and the noise is reduced. The Complexity of the Solution of Radiation Impedance and the Sound Transmission with the Pore Sound Insulation Structure providing important support for the calculation of broadcasting characteristics. 4) taking into account the sound transmission of the structure with porosity and sound insulation In this paper, the acoustic propagation characteristics of the structure acoustic transmission are studied. The acoustic propagation characteristics of the perforated sound insulation structure considering the structure acoustic transmission are calculated by using the Patch weighted sound transmission rate method, and the hole patch method is added to the non-porous sound isolating plate to obtain the quantized value of the acoustic leakage of the hole, so as to obtain the sound insulation containing the hole. Based on the total acoustic transmission rate and acoustic transmission loss of the structure, a method for calculating the acoustic propagation characteristics of the sound transmission with pore structure is established, which provides a quantitative index for the influence of the existence of the porosity on the acoustic propagation characteristics of the sound insulation structure, and the acoustic finite element method is used to simulate the structure. The validity of this method is verified. In this paper, the acoustic wave propagation method of the average flow is studied. On the basis of the calculation method of the acoustic propagation characteristics of the pore, the wave equation of the acoustic wave with the average flow in the pores is combined and deduced and established. In this paper, the calculation formula of the acoustic propagation characteristics of the pore sound with an average flow is presented. The results obtained in this paper are compared with the acoustic limit. The simulation results of the element method are compared and the correctness is verified. On the basis of this, the characteristics of the average flow on the acoustic propagation of the pore are studied.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：合肥工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TB535.2

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本文編號：2276343