基于GeoEye-1衛(wèi)星遙感影像幾何模型解算及三維重建精度分析
發(fā)布時間：2018-10-10 16:51
【摘要】：21世紀以來,受益于計算機科學(xué)和材料科學(xué)的飛速發(fā)展,高分辨率遙感衛(wèi)星技術(shù)得到了極大的提高；與此同時,測繪大比例尺地形圖依賴于航空攝影測量的限制被打破,航天攝影測量開始廣泛的應(yīng)用于各大中比例尺地形圖的測制。而且由于高分辨率遙感衛(wèi)星卓越的數(shù)據(jù)采集和傳輸能力,且不受航空管制的影響,高分辨率遙感衛(wèi)星技技術(shù)在國民經(jīng)濟建設(shè)等諸多領(lǐng)域發(fā)揮著越來越重要的作用。 高分辨率遙感衛(wèi)星往往采用與太陽同步軌道,較高的飛行高度和較高的分辨率決定了其長焦距、窄視角的物理特性；而且,高分辨率遙感衛(wèi)星大都使用線陣推掃式CCD傳感器,成像原理及其復(fù)雜,且傳感器方位元素之間往往存在較強相關(guān)性；再者,各衛(wèi)星商業(yè)公司出于技術(shù)保密的考慮,一般不向用戶提供影像的嚴密傳感器模型參數(shù),基于此,有理函數(shù)模型(Rational Function Model, RFM)被廣泛應(yīng)用于高分辨率遙感衛(wèi)星影像定位中,以替代嚴密傳感器模型模擬像方坐標到地面物方坐標的映射關(guān)系。 針對高分辨率衛(wèi)星影像傳感模型定位特征,探討了有理函數(shù)模型系數(shù)的解算方法,研究了分別基于地形相關(guān)和地形無關(guān)方案解算有理函數(shù)模型的模型推導(dǎo)及計算方法,并且根據(jù)其誤差特性,重點研究了兩種補償優(yōu)化模型,并通過實驗驗證其理論和精度。 地形無關(guān)方案以嚴密傳感器模型通過構(gòu)建像空間格網(wǎng)來擬合計算有理函數(shù)模型系數(shù),具有較高的定位精度,但是,由于缺少地面控制信息的改正,往往出現(xiàn)系統(tǒng)性偏差。本文在像空間間接優(yōu)化模型的基礎(chǔ)上通過構(gòu)建三維空間格網(wǎng)實現(xiàn)了像空間間接優(yōu)化模型到直接模型的轉(zhuǎn)換,并且通過實驗驗證了該模型在定位及三維重建方面具有較高的精度。 地形相關(guān)方案是以地面像元控制點作為解算單元,當?shù)孛嫦鄬ζ教箷r,可得到較高的有理函數(shù)模型系數(shù)解算精度。影像區(qū)域高差起伏較大時,受地面控制點數(shù)量和分布情況的影響,在遠離解算控制點時,誤差往往較大,且呈現(xiàn)隨機性,很難進行改正。 本文從有理函數(shù)數(shù)學(xué)特性著手,通過對模型“簡化—再復(fù)原”方法著重研究了有理函數(shù)模型的系統(tǒng)規(guī)律,通過對模擬數(shù)據(jù)的研究,提出了基于有理函數(shù)模型的系統(tǒng)補償辦法,經(jīng)實驗檢驗,得到了較高的精度。 此外,通過基于有理函數(shù)模型交會過程的研究,推導(dǎo)了基于有理函數(shù)模型的三維重建技術(shù),使用GeoEye-1衛(wèi)星遙感影像像對分別在RPC解算及優(yōu)化的基礎(chǔ)上完成了重建精度的評定,并在此基礎(chǔ)上完成了立體測圖；最后,在外部高精度DEM的基礎(chǔ)上實現(xiàn)了對測繪地形圖的精度評定。
[Abstract]:Since the 21st century, with the rapid development of computer science and material science, the technology of high-resolution remote sensing satellite has been greatly improved; at the same time, the limitation that large-scale topographic maps depend on aerial photogrammetry has been broken. Spaceflight photogrammetry has been widely used in topographic mapping of large and medium scale. Because of the excellent data acquisition and transmission capability of high resolution remote sensing satellite and not affected by aviation control, the technology of high resolution remote sensing satellite plays an increasingly important role in many fields such as national economic construction. High-resolution remote sensing satellites often use sun-synchronous orbit, which determines the physical characteristics of their long focal length and narrow angle of view due to their high flying altitude and high resolution. Moreover, most high-resolution remote sensing satellites use linear push-sweep CCD sensors. The imaging principle is complex, and the sensor azimuth elements often have strong correlation. Furthermore, the satellite commercial companies generally do not provide users with strict sensor model parameters for the sake of technical confidentiality. The rational function model (Rational Function Model, RFM) is widely used in high resolution remote sensing satellite image positioning to simulate the mapping relationship between the image square coordinates and the ground object coordinates in place of the rigorous sensor model. According to the localization characteristics of high resolution satellite image sensing model, the calculation method of rational function model coefficient is discussed, and the model derivation and calculation method of rational function model based on terrain correlation and terrain independence scheme are studied respectively. According to its error characteristics, two kinds of compensation optimization models are studied, and their theory and accuracy are verified by experiments. The terrain independent scheme uses the strict sensor model to fit and calculate the rational function model coefficients by constructing the image space grid, which has high positioning accuracy. However, due to the lack of correction of the ground control information, there is often a systematic deviation. On the basis of the indirect optimization model of image space, this paper realizes the transformation from the image space indirect optimization model to the direct model by constructing the three-dimensional space grid, and the experiment proves that the model has a high accuracy in positioning and 3D reconstruction. The topographic correlation scheme takes the control point of the ground pixel as the solution unit. When the ground is relatively flat, the accuracy of the coefficient solution of the rational function model can be obtained. When the height difference of the image region fluctuates greatly, it is affected by the number and distribution of the ground control points. When it is far away from the solution control point, the error is often large, and it is random, so it is difficult to correct. Based on the mathematical characteristics of rational function, this paper focuses on the systematic law of rational function model through the method of simplification and reversion, and puts forward a system compensation method based on rational function model through the study of simulation data. The experimental results show that the accuracy is high. In addition, through the research of the intersection process based on rational function model, the 3D reconstruction technology based on rational function model is deduced, and the reconstruction accuracy is evaluated by using GeoEye-1 satellite remote sensing image pair on the basis of RPC solution and optimization, respectively. Finally, the precision evaluation of topographic map is realized on the basis of external high precision DEM.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TP751
本文編號：2262544
[Abstract]:Since the 21st century, with the rapid development of computer science and material science, the technology of high-resolution remote sensing satellite has been greatly improved; at the same time, the limitation that large-scale topographic maps depend on aerial photogrammetry has been broken. Spaceflight photogrammetry has been widely used in topographic mapping of large and medium scale. Because of the excellent data acquisition and transmission capability of high resolution remote sensing satellite and not affected by aviation control, the technology of high resolution remote sensing satellite plays an increasingly important role in many fields such as national economic construction. High-resolution remote sensing satellites often use sun-synchronous orbit, which determines the physical characteristics of their long focal length and narrow angle of view due to their high flying altitude and high resolution. Moreover, most high-resolution remote sensing satellites use linear push-sweep CCD sensors. The imaging principle is complex, and the sensor azimuth elements often have strong correlation. Furthermore, the satellite commercial companies generally do not provide users with strict sensor model parameters for the sake of technical confidentiality. The rational function model (Rational Function Model, RFM) is widely used in high resolution remote sensing satellite image positioning to simulate the mapping relationship between the image square coordinates and the ground object coordinates in place of the rigorous sensor model. According to the localization characteristics of high resolution satellite image sensing model, the calculation method of rational function model coefficient is discussed, and the model derivation and calculation method of rational function model based on terrain correlation and terrain independence scheme are studied respectively. According to its error characteristics, two kinds of compensation optimization models are studied, and their theory and accuracy are verified by experiments. The terrain independent scheme uses the strict sensor model to fit and calculate the rational function model coefficients by constructing the image space grid, which has high positioning accuracy. However, due to the lack of correction of the ground control information, there is often a systematic deviation. On the basis of the indirect optimization model of image space, this paper realizes the transformation from the image space indirect optimization model to the direct model by constructing the three-dimensional space grid, and the experiment proves that the model has a high accuracy in positioning and 3D reconstruction. The topographic correlation scheme takes the control point of the ground pixel as the solution unit. When the ground is relatively flat, the accuracy of the coefficient solution of the rational function model can be obtained. When the height difference of the image region fluctuates greatly, it is affected by the number and distribution of the ground control points. When it is far away from the solution control point, the error is often large, and it is random, so it is difficult to correct. Based on the mathematical characteristics of rational function, this paper focuses on the systematic law of rational function model through the method of simplification and reversion, and puts forward a system compensation method based on rational function model through the study of simulation data. The experimental results show that the accuracy is high. In addition, through the research of the intersection process based on rational function model, the 3D reconstruction technology based on rational function model is deduced, and the reconstruction accuracy is evaluated by using GeoEye-1 satellite remote sensing image pair on the basis of RPC solution and optimization, respectively. Finally, the precision evaluation of topographic map is realized on the basis of external high precision DEM.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TP751
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