天津市中心城區(qū)地面沉降機理及防治對策
發(fā)布時間：2018-10-07 19:16
【摘要】：地面沉降現(xiàn)象在世界范圍內(nèi)都普遍存在,尤以城市為甚。隨著京津冀一體化,城市建設的不斷建設和發(fā)展,天津市中心城區(qū)的地面沉降也越來越突出,嚴重影響了城市規(guī)劃和建設,以及當?shù)厝嗣竦纳瞽h(huán)境,并造成了巨大的經(jīng)濟損失。本文在查閱大量國內(nèi)外地面沉降相關(guān)資料的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合天津市第四系覆蓋深,地下水位淺,軟土發(fā)育等地質(zhì)特征,全面論述了天津市地面沉降的形成和發(fā)展過程,較為系統(tǒng)地闡明了天津市中心城區(qū)地面沉降的影響因素以及這些因素在地面沉降中的作用,運用數(shù)學模型對地面沉降的趨勢進行了預測,在此基礎(chǔ)上,提出了有針對性的地面沉降防治方法和建議。本文以天津市中心城區(qū)近年來地面沉降新的發(fā)展趨勢為研究的切入點,從內(nèi)外因兩大方面對地面沉降的影響因素作了較詳盡的分析和論述。在內(nèi)因方面:分析了區(qū)域構(gòu)造基底受活動斷裂影響差異沉降,第四紀松散地層的固結(jié)變形,海平面上升引起的相對地面沉降。在外因方面:從地下水開采范圍及相鄰區(qū)域的開采影響,城市建設的影響等方面展開分析,對地面沉降的機理進行了研究。結(jié)合歷年地面沉降監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù)以及天津市區(qū)地面沉降的特點,選取對天津市中心城區(qū)地面沉降影響范圍大、作用明顯、具有代表性的因素:如地下水開采、松散地層固結(jié)和新構(gòu)造區(qū)域性沉降等3個因素,運用灰色GM理論建立數(shù)學模型,預測了天津市中心城區(qū)2020年、2025年的地面沉降速率,預測認為由于受地下水開采控制等因素,天津市中心城區(qū)地面沉降速率有逐漸變緩趨勢,2020年沉降量為13.39mm,2025年沉降速率為9.36mm和2030年沉降速率為6.12mm,在此基礎(chǔ)上,提出了技術(shù)管理與行政管理結(jié)合的地面沉降防治方法。在防治措施上提出開源節(jié)流、根據(jù)實際情況調(diào)整地下水的開采位置、強化對地下水開采的管理以及考慮使用深層淡水作為油田回灌水源等合理建議。論文成果對天津市的開發(fā)開放,城市規(guī)劃及建設具有較為深遠的意義。一方面研究成果可以為天津市的防災減災、制定防治地面沉降的措施提供有效依據(jù);另一方面也可以為當?shù)睾侠砝玫V產(chǎn)資源、保護天津市民的生存環(huán)境提供技術(shù)保障。同時本次研究工作對天津市地面沉降的預警研究以及促進當?shù)亟?jīng)濟的可持續(xù)發(fā)展具有重大參考價值。
[Abstract]:Land subsidence is common all over the world, especially in cities. With the integration of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei, and the continuous construction and development of urban construction, the land subsidence in the downtown area of Tianjin has become more and more prominent, which has seriously affected the urban planning and construction, as well as the living environment of the local people. And caused huge economic losses. On the basis of consulting a large number of related data of land subsidence at home and abroad, combined with the geological characteristics of the Quaternary system in Tianjin, such as deep coverage, shallow groundwater level and soft soil development, the formation and development process of land subsidence in Tianjin is discussed in an all-round way. In this paper, the influencing factors of land subsidence in downtown area of Tianjin and the effect of these factors on land subsidence are expounded systematically, and the trend of land subsidence is predicted by using mathematical model, on the basis of which, the trend of land subsidence is predicted. The methods and suggestions for the prevention and treatment of land subsidence are put forward. Based on the new development trend of land subsidence in the downtown area of Tianjin in recent years, this paper makes a detailed analysis and discussion on the influencing factors of land subsidence from the two aspects of internal and external causes. In terms of internal causes: the differential settlement of regional tectonic basement affected by active faults consolidation deformation of Quaternary loose strata and relative land subsidence caused by sea level rise are analyzed. In terms of extrinsic causes, the paper analyzes the influence of groundwater exploitation range and adjacent areas, urban construction and so on, and studies the mechanism of land subsidence. Combined with the monitoring data of land subsidence in past years and the characteristics of ground subsidence in Tianjin urban area, the factors which have great influence on the ground subsidence in the downtown area of Tianjin are selected, such as groundwater mining, the obvious effect and the representative factors, such as groundwater mining, and so on. Three factors such as consolidation of loose strata and regional subsidence of neotectonics are used to establish a mathematical model by using grey GM theory to predict the land subsidence rate in the downtown area of Tianjin in 2020 and 2025, and the ground subsidence rate is predicted to be controlled by groundwater exploitation and other factors. The rate of land subsidence in downtown area of Tianjin has a tendency to slow down gradually. The settlement rate is 13.39mm in 2020, 9.36mm in 2025 and 6.12mm in 2030. On the basis of this, the method of land subsidence prevention combined with technical management and administrative management is put forward. In the aspects of prevention and control measures, reasonable suggestions are put forward, such as opening up sources and reducing expenditure, adjusting the location of groundwater exploitation according to the actual situation, strengthening the management of groundwater exploitation and considering the use of deep fresh water as the water source of oilfield recharge. The results of this paper are of great significance to the development and opening of Tianjin, urban planning and construction. On the one hand, the research results can provide an effective basis for disaster prevention and mitigation of Tianjin and the establishment of measures to prevent and control land subsidence; on the other hand, it can also provide technical guarantee for the rational utilization of mineral resources and the protection of the living environment of Tianjin residents. At the same time, this research work has great reference value for the early warning research of Tianjin land subsidence and promoting the sustainable development of local economy.
【學位授予單位】：中國地質(zhì)大學(北京)
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：P642.26
本文編號：2255368
[Abstract]:Land subsidence is common all over the world, especially in cities. With the integration of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei, and the continuous construction and development of urban construction, the land subsidence in the downtown area of Tianjin has become more and more prominent, which has seriously affected the urban planning and construction, as well as the living environment of the local people. And caused huge economic losses. On the basis of consulting a large number of related data of land subsidence at home and abroad, combined with the geological characteristics of the Quaternary system in Tianjin, such as deep coverage, shallow groundwater level and soft soil development, the formation and development process of land subsidence in Tianjin is discussed in an all-round way. In this paper, the influencing factors of land subsidence in downtown area of Tianjin and the effect of these factors on land subsidence are expounded systematically, and the trend of land subsidence is predicted by using mathematical model, on the basis of which, the trend of land subsidence is predicted. The methods and suggestions for the prevention and treatment of land subsidence are put forward. Based on the new development trend of land subsidence in the downtown area of Tianjin in recent years, this paper makes a detailed analysis and discussion on the influencing factors of land subsidence from the two aspects of internal and external causes. In terms of internal causes: the differential settlement of regional tectonic basement affected by active faults consolidation deformation of Quaternary loose strata and relative land subsidence caused by sea level rise are analyzed. In terms of extrinsic causes, the paper analyzes the influence of groundwater exploitation range and adjacent areas, urban construction and so on, and studies the mechanism of land subsidence. Combined with the monitoring data of land subsidence in past years and the characteristics of ground subsidence in Tianjin urban area, the factors which have great influence on the ground subsidence in the downtown area of Tianjin are selected, such as groundwater mining, the obvious effect and the representative factors, such as groundwater mining, and so on. Three factors such as consolidation of loose strata and regional subsidence of neotectonics are used to establish a mathematical model by using grey GM theory to predict the land subsidence rate in the downtown area of Tianjin in 2020 and 2025, and the ground subsidence rate is predicted to be controlled by groundwater exploitation and other factors. The rate of land subsidence in downtown area of Tianjin has a tendency to slow down gradually. The settlement rate is 13.39mm in 2020, 9.36mm in 2025 and 6.12mm in 2030. On the basis of this, the method of land subsidence prevention combined with technical management and administrative management is put forward. In the aspects of prevention and control measures, reasonable suggestions are put forward, such as opening up sources and reducing expenditure, adjusting the location of groundwater exploitation according to the actual situation, strengthening the management of groundwater exploitation and considering the use of deep fresh water as the water source of oilfield recharge. The results of this paper are of great significance to the development and opening of Tianjin, urban planning and construction. On the one hand, the research results can provide an effective basis for disaster prevention and mitigation of Tianjin and the establishment of measures to prevent and control land subsidence; on the other hand, it can also provide technical guarantee for the rational utilization of mineral resources and the protection of the living environment of Tianjin residents. At the same time, this research work has great reference value for the early warning research of Tianjin land subsidence and promoting the sustainable development of local economy.
【學位授予單位】：中國地質(zhì)大學(北京)
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：P642.26
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