【摘要】：飛行器在某些特殊的工作環(huán)境下，一些組成部件的振動水平往往大于設(shè)計要求，這會嚴(yán)重影響結(jié)構(gòu)的使用壽命和駕駛?cè)藛T的健康。如果重新設(shè)計結(jié)構(gòu)的外形尺寸以降低其振動水平，需要花費(fèi)大量時間與金錢。為了在不改變原有結(jié)構(gòu)的前提下有效降低結(jié)構(gòu)的振動水平，在原結(jié)構(gòu)上附加動力吸振器是十分經(jīng)濟(jì)和必要的工程減振方法。 本文主要研究了一種較好的動力吸振器設(shè)計方法。首先，根據(jù)動力吸振器基本理論，針對多自由度復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)建立動力吸振器的力學(xué)模型，由被吸振結(jié)構(gòu)的共振頻率初步確定吸振器的質(zhì)量大小和剛度形式。然后，對吸振器和被吸振結(jié)構(gòu)整體進(jìn)行動力學(xué)優(yōu)化設(shè)計，選取合適的優(yōu)化算法和目標(biāo)函數(shù)，確定動力學(xué)優(yōu)化的力學(xué)模型。通過MATLAB搭建優(yōu)化平臺，編寫程序以實(shí)現(xiàn)MATLAB對NASTRAN的調(diào)用，通過優(yōu)化迭代得到符合要求的吸振器參數(shù)。 為了驗(yàn)證動力吸振器設(shè)計的有效性，以某艙體為實(shí)際結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行動力學(xué)仿真計算和實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證。以結(jié)構(gòu)在一定頻率范圍內(nèi)的最大位移為優(yōu)化目標(biāo)，比較了優(yōu)化前后吸振器的減振效率；以結(jié)構(gòu)整體功率流為優(yōu)化目標(biāo)，，分析了吸振器對結(jié)構(gòu)整體的減振效果；使用窮舉法和遺傳算法對吸振器的位置與吸振效率的關(guān)系進(jìn)行了討論。最后，設(shè)計出動力吸振器的試驗(yàn)件，對動力吸振器的吸振效果進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果說明了動力吸振器仿真計算的可靠性。
[Abstract]:In some special working environment, the vibration level of some components is always higher than the design requirement, which will seriously affect the service life of the structure and the health of the driver. It takes a lot of time and money to redesign the shape of the structure to reduce its vibration level. In order to effectively reduce the vibration level of the structure without changing the original structure, adding dynamic vibration absorber to the original structure is a very economical and necessary engineering vibration damping method. In this paper, a better design method of dynamic vibration absorber is studied. Firstly, according to the basic theory of the dynamic vibration absorber, the mechanical model of the dynamic vibration absorber is established for the complex structure with multiple degrees of freedom, and the mass and stiffness of the absorber are preliminarily determined by the resonance frequency of the structure. Then, the dynamic optimization design of the vibration absorber and the whole structure is carried out, the appropriate optimization algorithm and objective function are selected, and the mechanical model of the dynamic optimization is determined. The optimization platform is built by MATLAB, and the program is written to realize the call of MATLAB to NASTRAN, and the parameters of vibration absorber that meet the requirements are obtained by optimizing iteration. In order to verify the effectiveness of the design of the dynamic vibration absorber, the dynamic simulation and experimental verification were carried out with a cabin as the actual structure. With the maximum displacement of the structure in a certain frequency range as the optimization objective, the vibration absorption efficiency of the absorber before and after the optimization is compared, and the effect of the vibration absorber on the whole structure is analyzed with the overall power flow of the structure as the optimization objective. The relationship between vibration absorber position and vibration absorption efficiency is discussed by exhaustive method and genetic algorithm. Finally, the test piece of dynamic vibration absorber is designed to verify the effect of dynamic vibration absorber. The experimental results show the reliability of the simulation calculation of the dynamic vibration absorber.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京航空航天大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TB535.1

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