基于血管內(nèi)超聲成像的彈性成像方法研究
[Abstract]:Intravascular ultrasound imaging (Intravascular ultrasound,IVUS) is currently an important tool for assessing atherosclerotic plaque morphology, atherosclerotic drug therapy and non-drug intervention processes, as well as vulnerability to atherosclerosis. It is called a new "golden standard" for coronary artery examination. In 1991, Ophir and his research team first proposed the ultrasonic elastic imaging technique (Elastography), which uses ultrasonic transducer to collect ultrasonic signals before and after deformation of soft tissue, and to calculate its displacement distribution. Then the elastic image of tissue is obtained to reflect the elastic information of biological tissue. Now it is widely used in clinical examination such as mammary gland prostate and other organs. In recent years, studies have shown that the application of ultrasonic elastic imaging technology to intravascular ultrasound imaging can not only provide parametric images such as vascular wall elasticity, but also distinguish between high and low strain regions. Identifying the relative biomechanical properties of different plaques in coronary artery has important application value in plaque classification and plaque vulnerability detection. But at present, elastic imaging technology has not been applied to commercial intravascular ultrasound imaging system. The research and development of UHF intra-vascular ultrasound imaging probe and system is carried out by the project funded by the National Science and Technology support Program. In this paper, a micro intravascular ultrasonic transducer and imaging system with center frequency of 50-60MHz was developed by our research group, and the identification of atherosclerotic plaques by intravascular ultrasound elastic imaging was studied. The specific work includes the following aspects: (1) the functional requirements of intravascular ultrasound imaging system are analyzed, and the parameters of elastic imaging method are set up. Then the traditional one-dimensional elastic imaging algorithm and the classical two-dimensional ultrasonic elastic imaging displacement estimation methods are classified and studied. (2) the index parameters of intravascular ultrasound imaging system are analyzed. The traditional one-dimensional elastic imaging algorithm was applied to the identification of atherosclerotic plaque by intravascular ultrasound imaging system. The deformation process of vascular wall tissue in the range of normal blood pressure fluctuation was simulated by finite element model. The effect of pressure interval on IVUS elastic imaging was analyzed by combining the tissue displacement of vascular wall under different blood pressure values, and the effect of IVUS elastic imaging method on the recognition of different plaques was evaluated under the optimal pressure difference condition. It lays a foundation for the practical application of IVUS elastic imaging function in the IVUS imaging system, which is independently developed by the research group. (3) for the application of IVUS ultrasonic imaging, the orthogonal experimental method is designed to combine the representative factor level. By means of range analysis and variance analysis, the effects of different composition ratios on acoustic parameters of tissue mimic phantom under high frequency ultrasound (50MHz) were compared, which provided data guidance and theoretical basis for the test of UHF IVUS probe developed by our team. (4) an improved two-dimensional displacement estimation method is proposed, which combines the multi-level search of data points and the single-stage tracking method, and embodies the advantages of reasonable balance of calculation load and calculation accuracy. More in line with the real-time imaging of intravascular ultrasound imaging system requirements. Simulation experiments are designed to verify the imaging effect and real-time performance of the designed two-dimensional algorithm. The imaging results of one-dimensional and two-dimensional algorithms are compared and analyzed by the simulation results.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:中國科學(xué)院研究生院(長春光學(xué)精密機械與物理研究所)
【學(xué)位級別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2014
【分類號】:TB552;R543
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