【摘要】：納米技術(shù)是一種以現(xiàn)代先進的科學(xué)技術(shù)為基礎(chǔ),研究物質(zhì)的大小在100nm以內(nèi)的新興學(xué)科,隨著科學(xué)技術(shù)的進步和現(xiàn)代工業(yè)的快速發(fā)展,納米技術(shù)已經(jīng)趨向成熟并在眾多的領(lǐng)域中得到廣泛的應(yīng)用。 鎳納米粉體因其粒徑很小,所以其比表面積大、表面原子化學(xué)活性高、表面能高,這些原子的特性使得鎳納米粉體整體呈現(xiàn)出一些特殊的物理、化學(xué)性質(zhì),利用這些特殊的性質(zhì)可以制備出多種性能優(yōu)良的材料。雖然納米材料應(yīng)用前景非常廣闊,但在工業(yè)中的應(yīng)用及發(fā)展卻比較緩慢,制約其發(fā)展的主要因素是納米粉體的制備問題,因為制備成本高、團聚及氧化嚴(yán)重、收集困難等問題使納米粉體在工業(yè)中的大量應(yīng)用受到極大的限制。 在制備納米粉體的方法中,物理法制備的納米粉體因具有純度高、團聚少、粒徑分布均勻且形貌可控等優(yōu)點被人們所采用,而高頻感應(yīng)熱等離子體法是一種典型的物理法,它具有等離子溫度高、能量密度大、冷卻速率快等優(yōu)點,所以利用高頻感應(yīng)熱等離子體法可制備出綜合性能良好的鎳納米粉體。 本文自主設(shè)計、加工并研制出一套利用高頻感應(yīng)熱等離子體法制備鎳納米粉體的設(shè)備,通過實驗驗證,該設(shè)備運行良好且能制備出性能優(yōu)良的鎳納米粉體,與其他等離子體設(shè)備相比,該實驗裝置降低了制備成本、提高了資源的利用率并有效解決了鎳納米粉體的氧化問題及收集問題,通過在收集裝置入口處加入冷卻氣流可以降低納米顆粒之間的團聚。 利用X射線衍射分析儀(XRD)、透射電子顯微鏡(TEM)、掃描電子顯微鏡(SEM)等表征手段對制備的納米顆粒的形貌特征、粒徑大小、成分及晶體結(jié)構(gòu)、分散效果等進行表征,結(jié)果表明：納米顆粒的粒徑主要分布在10～120nm之間,不同參數(shù)下制備的平均粒徑分布在20～65nm之間,顆�；旧铣室�(guī)則的球形,分散效果良好,晶體結(jié)構(gòu)為面心立方結(jié)構(gòu)(fee),但氧化程度相對嚴(yán)重。 通過理論分析和實驗,最終選擇出制備鎳納米粉體的工藝參數(shù)為：進料速率為5g/min、等離子氣體流量為0.5L/min、冷卻氣體流量為2.0L/min,加入鈍化處理可降低納米粉體的氧化程度。 本文系統(tǒng)地研究了工藝參數(shù)對納米粉體的性能的影響,有效解決了利用高頻感應(yīng)熱等離子體法制備鎳納米粉體中存在的問題,并且設(shè)備成本低、體積小、能源消耗低、無電極污染,所以該裝置及制備方法具有廣闊的工業(yè)應(yīng)用前景。
[Abstract]:Nanotechnology is a new subject which is based on modern advanced science and technology and studies the size of material within 100nm. With the progress of science and technology and the rapid development of modern industry, Nanotechnology has become mature and has been widely used in many fields. Because of its small particle size, nickel nano-powder has a large specific surface area, high surface atomic chemical activity and high surface energy. The properties of these atoms make the whole nickel nano-powder exhibit some special physical and chemical properties. A variety of excellent materials can be prepared by using these special properties. Although the application prospect of nanomaterials is very broad, the application and development of nanomaterials in industry are slow. The main factor restricting the development of nanomaterials is the preparation of nanocrystalline powders, because of the high cost of preparation, the serious agglomeration and oxidation. The application of nanometer powder in industry is greatly limited by the difficulty of collecting. In the method of preparing nanometer powder, the physical method is used because of its advantages of high purity, less agglomeration, uniform particle size distribution and controllable morphology, while the high frequency inductive thermal plasma method is a typical physical method. It has the advantages of high plasma temperature, high energy density and fast cooling rate. Therefore, nickel nano-powders with good comprehensive properties can be prepared by high-frequency induction thermal plasma method. In this paper, we design, process and develop a set of equipment for the preparation of nickel nano-powder by high-frequency inductive thermal plasma method. The experimental results show that the equipment runs well and can produce nickel nano-powder with good performance. Compared with other plasma equipment, the device reduces the cost of preparation, improves the utilization of resources and effectively solves the problem of oxidation and collection of nickel nanoparticles. The agglomeration between nanoparticles can be reduced by adding cooling air at the inlet of the collector. The morphology, particle size, composition, crystal structure and dispersion effect of the prepared nanoparticles were characterized by (XRD), transmission electron microscope (XRD), (TEM), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and so on. The results show that the particle size of the nanoparticles is mainly distributed between 10~120nm and the average particle size of the prepared particles is between 20~65nm under different parameters, the particles are basically regular spherical, and the dispersion effect is good. The crystal structure is face-centered cubic (fee),) structure, but the degree of oxidation is relatively serious. Through theoretical analysis and experiment, the technological parameters of preparing nickel nano-powder are as follows: feed rate is 5 g / min, plasma flow rate is 0.5 L / min, cooling gas flow rate is 2.0 L / min, and passivation treatment can reduce the oxidation degree of nanometer powder. In this paper, the effects of process parameters on the properties of nano-powders are systematically studied. The problems in the preparation of nickel nanocrystalline powders by high-frequency inductive thermal plasma method are effectively solved, and the equipment cost is low, the volume is small, and the energy consumption is low. There is no electrode pollution, so the device and the preparation method have a broad industrial application prospects.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TB383.3

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