【摘要】：芯片集成度的提高與技術呈現指數式的增長,導致高科技產品的不斷推出,使消費者在其面前越來越手足無措。如何有效的向用戶呈現與產品相關的交互信息,尤其是消費類電子產品,是目前工業(yè)設計領域面臨的主要挑戰(zhàn)之一。本文,一方面嘗試對認知摩擦理論體系進行探索與拓展研究,以此豐富和完善該理論,另一方面,力求利用系統(tǒng)的設計方法,對用戶與產品之間的交互關系進行引導,從而消解認知摩擦。本課題在國家自然科學基金和教育部社科基金的資助下,以降低、消解認知摩擦為目標,開展了認知摩擦理論、指標測量以及輔助設計的工具開發(fā)等關鍵內容的研究,充分利用事件相關電位技術的時間分辨率、認知心理學中的認知模式和來自生態(tài)心理學的Affordance理論(可供性),從而在產品的設計過程中,期望實現對產品和用戶之間的交互關系進行主動調控,消除用戶在使用產品過程中的挫敗感。本研究基于認知心理學、神經電生理學以及生態(tài)心理學的相關研究內容以及成果,論文主要工作如下:(一)在基礎理論研究方面,通過對認知差異特點的研究,闡明了認知摩擦這一概念及其特點,并從設計模型、表現模型及用戶模型出發(fā),分析認知摩擦產生的各種成因;利用事件相關電位技術,對它的兩個主要維度在認知加工過程中相互交互的時間進程進行認知過程的測量,進而,從心理生理學的角度,客觀的揭示出認知摩擦發(fā)生的本質。(二)在實驗研究方面,使用事件相關電位技術進行認知摩擦的指標探尋,從產品感性意象認知的不同匹配度出發(fā),以造型和色彩兩個設計要素為實驗樣本,揭示了腦電成分N400 P200可以作為衡量認知摩擦大小的指標;其次,通過實驗范式的改變,發(fā)現P200是主導產品affordance的重要腦電成分。(三)以降低與控制認知摩擦為目標,開展認知摩擦的消解模式研究。應用認知心理學模式識別中的原型匹配理論模型,以視知覺為研究對象,對哪一種刺激信息編碼與視覺模式最為匹配做出判斷,從而對視知覺模式進行解構、提取與歸納,闡明了部分視知覺面向界面的認知模式,并以其基本模式為原則,進行案例優(yōu)化設計,并在最終的界面設計中,運用優(yōu)化后的設計準則進行界面設計,從而實現設計信息的有效組織與呈現。(四)以突顯與預期行為相關的產品屬性為目標,確保產品更貼近用戶的心智模型,進行了affordance線上化產品輔助設計工具的開發(fā)。該設計工具以終端用戶對產品affordance的質量反饋進行產品設計參數的改變,并結合交互式微型遺傳算法的搜索機制,獲得明確的affordance與設計參數之間的映射關系。隨后,提出面向affordance以用戶為中心實驗的設計準則,經過不同案例的多次運行,均證明可以獲得較優(yōu)的解決方案集。不僅提高設計工作效率,而且關注了用戶的需求。
[Abstract]:The improvement of chip integration and the exponential growth of technology lead to the continuous introduction of high-tech products, making consumers more and more confused in front of them. How to effectively present interactive information related to products, especially consumer electronic products, is one of the main challenges in the field of industrial design. In this paper, on the one hand, we try to explore and expand the cognitive friction theory system to enrich and improve the theory, on the other hand, we try to use the system design method to guide the interaction between users and products. In order to eliminate cognitive friction. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Social Science Foundation of the Ministry of Education, the research on the theory of cognitive friction, the measurement of indicators and the development of tools for aided design are carried out with the aim of reducing and eliminating cognitive friction. Make full use of the temporal resolution of event-related potential technology, cognitive models in cognitive psychology and Affordance theory (availability) from ecological psychology, so that in the process of product design, It is expected that the interaction between products and users can be actively regulated and the frustration of users in the process of using the products can be eliminated. This research is based on the research contents and achievements of cognitive psychology, neurophysiology and ecological psychology. The main work of this paper is as follows: (1) in the basic theoretical research, through the research on the characteristics of cognitive differences, This paper expounds the concept and characteristics of cognitive friction, and analyzes the causes of cognitive friction from design model, representation model and user model. The two main dimensions of cognitive processing in the process of mutual interaction of the cognitive process of the measurement of the cognitive process, and then, from the perspective of psychological physiology, objectively revealed the nature of cognitive friction. (2) in the aspect of experimental research, using event-related potential technology to explore the index of cognitive friction, starting from the different matching degree of perceptual image cognition of product, taking two design elements of shape and color as experimental samples; It is revealed that the EEG component N400P200 can be used as an index to measure the size of cognitive friction. Secondly, through the change of experimental paradigm, it is found that P200 is an important EEG component that dominates the production of affordance. (3) aiming at reducing and controlling cognitive friction, the resolution model of cognitive friction is studied. The prototype matching theory model in cognitive psychology pattern recognition is applied to judge which stimulation information code and visual pattern match most, and then deconstruct, extract and induce the visual perception pattern. This paper expounds the cognitive mode of partial visual perception oriented to the interface, and based on its basic model, carries on the case optimization design, and in the final interface design, uses the optimized design criterion to carry on the interface design. In order to achieve the effective organization and presentation of design information. (4) aiming at highlighting the product attributes related to the expected behavior and ensuring that the product is closer to the user's mental model, the paper develops the affordance on-line product aided design tool. In this design tool, the product design parameters are changed by the quality feedback from the end user to the product affordance, and the mapping relationship between the affordance and the design parameters is obtained by combining the searching mechanism of the interactive micro-genetic algorithm. Then, a design criterion for affordance user-centered experiments is proposed. It is proved that a better solution set can be obtained through several operations of different cases. Not only improve the efficiency of the design, but also pay attention to the needs of users.
【學位授予單位】：東南大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TB47
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本文編號：2226280