【摘要】：物流環(huán)境溫度的控制是保障溫度敏感型產(chǎn)品物流過程質(zhì)量與安全的關(guān)鍵因素。以控溫包裝為基礎(chǔ)的無源冷鏈物流技術(shù),是實(shí)現(xiàn)產(chǎn)品物流控溫特別是保證物流“最后一公里”控溫的有效技術(shù)手段�？販貦C(jī)理、控溫包裝設(shè)計(jì)方法、蓄冷劑性能改善與表征是設(shè)計(jì)優(yōu)化無源控溫包裝系統(tǒng)的關(guān)鍵。本課題以潛熱型控溫包裝系統(tǒng)為研究對(duì)象,開展蓄冷劑導(dǎo)熱性能改良技術(shù)方法與性能表征的研究,探討控溫包裝相變傳熱機(jī)理與理論,建立控溫包裝相變傳熱模型;在此基礎(chǔ)上,構(gòu)建控溫包裝可靠邊界,提出控溫包裝設(shè)計(jì)方法。研究內(nèi)容主要包括:(1)蓄冷劑導(dǎo)熱性能優(yōu)化及分散體系有效導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)建模通過向液體蓄冷劑中摻雜高導(dǎo)熱粉末(鋁粉、銅粉和石墨粉),向相變微膠囊蓄冷劑(micro-PCMs)中摻雜導(dǎo)熱液(水)的方法,研究摻雜物對(duì)蓄冷劑有效導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)的影響。結(jié)果表明,液體蓄冷劑的有效導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)隨粉末摻雜量的增加而增加,但體系中粉末質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)達(dá)到臨界值后,體系有效導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)顯著下降;micro-PCMs的有效導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)隨導(dǎo)熱液增加而增大,但體系中micro-PCMs的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)小于臨界值后,體系有效導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)的增加速率顯著減緩。以摻雜石墨粉的改性蓄冷劑為例,研究摻雜對(duì)蓄冷速度與控溫性能的影響。結(jié)果表明,在主蓄冷劑量相同的情況下,增加蓄冷劑有效導(dǎo)熱系數(shù),蓄冷劑凝固速度加快,而對(duì)控溫時(shí)間的影響不顯著。由試驗(yàn)結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),當(dāng)分散相質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)高于臨界值后,體系中將出現(xiàn)氣相成分,并顯著降低體系的導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)。為此,提出了高分散相質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)下分散體系有效導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)預(yù)測(cè)建模方法,并基于分形理論和渝滲理論建立用于預(yù)測(cè)高分散相質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)下分散體系有效導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)的FP模型,并通過試驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證了模型的有效性。最后,基于FP模型對(duì)分散體系有效導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)預(yù)測(cè)模型進(jìn)行了統(tǒng)一表征,構(gòu)建了固-液-氣三相分散體系有效導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)分布圖。(2)建立控溫包裝一維相變模型基于Fourier導(dǎo)熱定律和能量守恒定律,建立恒溫和變溫條件下控溫包裝一維相變傳熱模型。該模型可在未知表面?zhèn)鳠嵯禂?shù)的情況下通過迭代運(yùn)算,獲得PCM內(nèi)部溫度場(chǎng)分布,同時(shí)計(jì)算表面?zhèn)鳠嵯禂?shù)�；谝痪S相變傳熱模型,討論分析隔熱壁導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)wk、PCM導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)lk、過余溫度y、隔熱壁厚度b、PCM相變潛熱L以及變溫環(huán)境對(duì)相變傳熱過程的影響。結(jié)果表明,表面?zhèn)鳠嵯禂?shù)主要受隔熱壁導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)wk、過余溫度y和壁厚b的影響;固-液界面移動(dòng)速度主要受到隔熱壁導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)wk、過余溫度y、壁厚b以及PCM相變潛熱L的影響;而PCM導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)lk則對(duì)表面?zhèn)鳠嵯禂?shù)和固-液界面移動(dòng)速度均沒有顯著影響。此外,當(dāng)PCM導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)遠(yuǎn)大于隔熱壁導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)時(shí)(/10l wk k),固-液界面移動(dòng)速度近似為常數(shù),當(dāng)PCM導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)小于隔熱壁導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)或與隔熱壁導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)相當(dāng)時(shí),固-液界面移動(dòng)速度隨時(shí)間推移而減緩。變溫環(huán)境下的相變傳熱過程可近似簡化成若干個(gè)恒溫環(huán)境下相變傳熱過程的線性疊加。為驗(yàn)證控溫包裝一維相變傳熱模型,首先將恒溫條件下的一維相變傳熱模型與經(jīng)典的比較。結(jié)果表明,本文模型退化解與Neumann解析解結(jié)果一致,Neumann解析解是本文模型的一種特殊情況;本文模型結(jié)果與Mehling模型的計(jì)算結(jié)果一致。其次,通過自制的一維相變傳熱試驗(yàn)裝置進(jìn)行了一維相變傳熱試驗(yàn)。結(jié)果表明,在PCM融化初期,本文所建立的一維相變傳熱模型能夠有效描述一維相變傳熱過程。(3)提出控溫包裝控溫時(shí)間預(yù)測(cè)模型根據(jù)構(gòu)建的一維相變傳熱模型及其規(guī)律,建立控溫包裝表面?zhèn)鳠嵯禂?shù)、保溫容器系統(tǒng)熱阻的經(jīng)驗(yàn)公式,并進(jìn)一步建立控溫包裝控溫時(shí)間預(yù)測(cè)模型,通過相應(yīng)產(chǎn)品的儲(chǔ)藏試驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證模型。(4)提出控溫包裝可靠邊界及設(shè)計(jì)方法結(jié)合控溫包裝控溫時(shí)間預(yù)測(cè)模型,提出了控溫包裝可靠邊界概念與構(gòu)建方法,進(jìn)而提出了控溫包裝設(shè)計(jì)方法。根據(jù)控溫包裝設(shè)計(jì)方法開發(fā)控溫包裝的設(shè)計(jì)評(píng)估軟件
[Abstract]:Temperature control of logistics environment is the key factor to ensure the quality and safety of temperature-sensitive product logistics process.Passive cold chain logistics technology based on temperature-controlled packaging is an effective means to realize product logistics temperature control, especially to ensure the "last kilometer" temperature control of logistics. Improvement and characterization is the key to design and optimize the passive temperature-controlled packaging system.Based on the latent heat-controlled packaging system as the research object, the research on improving the thermal conductivity and performance characterization of refrigerant storage was carried out, the mechanism and theory of phase change heat transfer in temperature-controlled packaging were discussed, and the phase change heat transfer model of temperature-controlled packaging was established. The main research contents include: (1) Optimizing the thermal conductivity of the regenerant and modeling the effective thermal conductivity of the dispersion system by doping high thermal conductivity powder (aluminum powder, copper powder and graphite powder) into the liquid regenerator, and doping the thermal conductivity liquid (water) into the phase change microcapsule regenerator (micro-PCMs). The effect of dopants on the effective thermal conductivity of the regenerator was studied. The results showed that the effective thermal conductivity of the liquid regenerator increased with the increase of the powder content, but the effective thermal conductivity of the system decreased significantly when the powder content reached the critical value. When the mass fraction of icro-PCMs is less than the critical value, the increase rate of the effective thermal conductivity of the system decreases significantly. Taking the modified regenerator doped with graphite powder as an example, the effect of doping on the storage rate and temperature control performance is studied. The experimental results show that when the mass fraction of dispersed phase is higher than the critical value, the vapor phase will appear in the system and the thermal conductivity of the system will be significantly reduced. In this paper, a FP model for predicting the effective thermal conductivity of the disperse system with high disperse phase mass fraction is established, and the validity of the model is verified by experiments. Finally, the prediction model of the effective thermal conductivity of the disperse system is unified and characterized based on the FP model, and the distribution diagram of the effective thermal conductivity of the solid-liquid-gas three-phase disperse system is constructed. Based on Fourier's law of heat conduction and conservation of energy, a one-dimensional phase change heat transfer model for temperature-controlled packaging under constant and variable temperature conditions was established. The results show that the surface heat transfer coefficient is mainly affected b y the thermal conductivity of the insulating wall wk, the excess temperature y, the thickness of the insulating wall b, the latent heat L of PCM and the variable temperature environment. The wall thermal conductivity wk, excess temperature y, wall thickness B and PCM latent heat L have no significant effect on the surface heat transfer coefficient and the moving speed of solid-liquid interface. The moving velocity of the solid-liquid interface decreases with time when the thermal conductivity of the insulating wall is equal to that of the insulating wall. The phase change heat transfer process in the variable temperature environment can be approximately simplified as a linear superposition of several phase change heat transfer processes in the constant temperature environment. The results show that the degenerate solution of the model is in agreement with the Neumann analytical solution, and the Neumann analytical solution is a special case of the model. The results of the model are in agreement with those of the Mehling model. Secondly, a one-dimensional phase change heat transfer test is carried out by a self-made one-dimensional phase change heat transfer test facility. The results show that the one-dimensional phase change heat transfer model established in this paper can effectively describe the one-dimensional phase change heat transfer process in the initial stage of PCM melting. (3) According to the one-dimensional phase change heat transfer model and its regularity, the one-dimensional phase change heat transfer model for temperature control packaging is proposed, and the empirical formulas of heat transfer coefficient on the surface of temperature control packaging and thermal resistance of insulation container system are established. (4) Propose the reliable boundary and design method of temperature-controlled packaging combined with the time prediction model of temperature-controlled packaging, put forward the concept and construction method of reliable boundary of temperature-controlled packaging, and then put forward the design method of temperature-controlled packaging. Design method to develop temperature control package design evaluation software
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：TB486

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