【摘要】：運(yùn)動(dòng)聲源的聲輻射和聲源定位問題一直以來都是各國專家學(xué)者研究的熱點(diǎn)問題，了解運(yùn)動(dòng)聲源的運(yùn)動(dòng)狀態(tài)對(duì)聲場的影響是求解運(yùn)動(dòng)聲源聲場的前提；此外，基于傳聲器陣列和波束形成技術(shù)的聲源聲場可視化技術(shù)可以使聲源的位置和強(qiáng)度信息更加清晰明了；傳聲器的陣列形式對(duì)陣列的主要性能——指向性有較大的影響，因此對(duì)陣列形式進(jìn)行優(yōu)化討論，得到性能理想的陣列對(duì)聲源定位具有指導(dǎo)意義；利用優(yōu)化陣列設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)時(shí)聲源定位可視化系統(tǒng)是本文的最終目的。針對(duì)以上問題本文主要進(jìn)行了以下幾方面的研究。 （1）利用運(yùn)動(dòng)聲源聲輻射基本理論建立了勻加速運(yùn)動(dòng)聲源聲輻射基本模型；討論了聲源勻加速運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)的聲場計(jì)算方法，，通過分析定義了勻加速運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)聲場的主要影響因子——“聲矢量”，并進(jìn)行了數(shù)值解析，得到了勻加速運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)的聲場模型計(jì)算方法。 （2）探討了波束形成算法中的常規(guī)波束形成技術(shù)（CBF）、MVDR算法和MUSIC算法的聲源定位機(jī)理，并對(duì)各種算法進(jìn)行了仿真分析，比較不同算法的優(yōu)劣性和適應(yīng)性。 （3）利用波束形成原理對(duì)規(guī)則陣列和不規(guī)則陣列的性能進(jìn)行分析，比較了在陣元數(shù)目和陣列孔徑固定的時(shí)候不同陣列形式的指向性優(yōu)劣，并對(duì)陣列進(jìn)行優(yōu)化，最后選擇確定了最優(yōu)陣列形式。 （4）基于篩選出的最優(yōu)化陣列形式設(shè)計(jì)聲成像系統(tǒng)。從硬件和軟件兩方面設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)現(xiàn)聲場可視化和聲像圖的實(shí)時(shí)、離線顯示和分析。硬件方面對(duì)傳聲器陣列，電源模塊，采集模塊等進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)；軟件方面利用LabVIEW對(duì)波束形成算法進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)現(xiàn)聲像圖生成。 （5）在半消聲室對(duì)系統(tǒng)性能進(jìn)行測試和實(shí)驗(yàn)研究，在空曠地帶對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)汽車進(jìn)行測試。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明：聲成像系統(tǒng)具有較高的空間分辨能力和較好的噪聲抑制效果，可以實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)聲源的定位和聲場可視化。
[Abstract]:The problem of sound radiation and location of moving sound source has always been a hot topic for experts and scholars all over the world. Understanding the influence of moving state of moving sound source on sound field is the premise of solving the sound field of moving sound source. The acoustic field visualization technology based on microphone array and beamforming technology can make the position and intensity information of sound source more clear, and the array form of microphone has great influence on the main performance of array directivity. Therefore, the optimization of array form is discussed, and the ideal array has guiding significance for sound source location. The final purpose of this paper is to design a real-time sound source location visualization system using optimized array. Aiming at the above problems, this paper mainly studies the following aspects: (1) by using the basic theory of sound radiation of moving sound source, the basic model of sound radiation of moving sound source is established, and the calculation method of sound field when sound source is uniformly accelerated is discussed. The "acoustic vector", which is the main influence factor of sound field in uniform acceleration motion, is defined and analyzed numerically. The sound field model calculation method for uniformly accelerating motion is obtained. (2) the sound source localization mechanism of the conventional beamforming technique, (CBF) MVDR algorithm and MUSIC algorithm, is discussed, and the simulation analysis of various algorithms is carried out. The advantages and disadvantages and adaptability of different algorithms are compared. (3) the performance of regular array and irregular array is analyzed by using the principle of beamforming. When the number of array elements and the aperture of array are fixed, the directivity of different array forms is compared, and the array is optimized. Finally, the optimal array form is selected. (4) the acoustic imaging system is designed based on the selected optimal array form. Both hardware and software are designed to realize the visualization of sound field and the real-time display and analysis of sound image. Hardware design of microphone array, power module, acquisition module, etc. In software, the beamforming algorithm is designed by LabVIEW. (5) the performance of the system is tested and experimentally studied in the semi-acoustic chamber. Test the sports car in the open space. The experimental results show that the acoustic imaging system has higher spatial resolution and better noise suppression effect, and it can realize the localization of moving sound sources and the visualization of sound field.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：青島理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TB52

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