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基于仿真的生產(chǎn)調(diào)度問題研究

發(fā)布時間:2018-08-22 13:23
【摘要】:很多年來動態(tài)車間的調(diào)度問題得到工程應(yīng)用人員和專家學(xué)者的廣泛關(guān)注和研究。通常調(diào)度問題是Np-hard問題。精確算法如整數(shù)規(guī)劃、分支定界法、動態(tài)規(guī)劃法,在求解大規(guī)模調(diào)度問題時變得不實(shí)用。在實(shí)踐中,由于調(diào)度規(guī)則易于實(shí)現(xiàn)、計算復(fù)雜度低等原因,被廣泛應(yīng)用于動態(tài)車間調(diào)度中。首先針對每一級有一臺和多臺機(jī)器的多級生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)調(diào)度問題,本文提出了一種基于調(diào)度規(guī)則和路徑選擇規(guī)則的調(diào)度方法;然后分析了在動態(tài)車間中,車間負(fù)荷水平、故障率水平、工件的路徑、車間布局對調(diào)度規(guī)則性能的影響。 具體說來,主要在如下幾個方面進(jìn)行了研究: (1)研究并分析了系統(tǒng)、系統(tǒng)仿真的優(yōu)點(diǎn)、系統(tǒng)仿真的基本步驟以及其在工程中的應(yīng)用。介紹了仿真軟件Arena的特點(diǎn)和其應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域,并對當(dāng)今流行的各種軟件的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的比較。 (2)針對每一級有一臺和多臺機(jī)器的多級生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)調(diào)度問題,本文提出了一種基于調(diào)度規(guī)則和路徑選擇規(guī)則的調(diào)度方法,調(diào)度規(guī)則確定機(jī)器上工件的加工順序,路徑選擇規(guī)則使工件選擇合適的機(jī)器進(jìn)行加工。建立多級生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)調(diào)度問題的仿真模型,對調(diào)度規(guī)則和路徑選擇規(guī)則進(jìn)行測試,以平均流通時間、平均拖后時間、平均在制品以及平均機(jī)器利用率作為系統(tǒng)性能評價指標(biāo),比較了由10種調(diào)度規(guī)則和3種路徑選擇規(guī)則組成的30種規(guī)則組合,確定使單指標(biāo)和多指標(biāo)整體最優(yōu)的調(diào)度規(guī)則組合。 (3)對作業(yè)車間和流水車間兩種制造系統(tǒng)中調(diào)度規(guī)則性能進(jìn)行了比較研究,提出了四個基于流通時間和延遲時間的調(diào)度規(guī)則。以平均流通時間、最大流通時間、流通時間的變異性、平均延遲時間、最大延遲時間和延遲工件的變異性和延遲工件百分比作為調(diào)度規(guī)則的性能指標(biāo)。分析機(jī)器故障率水平、車間負(fù)荷水平、工件的路徑、車間布局對調(diào)度規(guī)則性能的影響。
[Abstract]:For many years, the scheduling problem of dynamic job shop has received extensive attention and research from engineering application personnel and experts and scholars. Usually the scheduling problem is Np-hard problem. Exact algorithms, such as integer programming, branch and bound method, and dynamic programming method, are not practical in solving large-scale scheduling problems. In practice, scheduling rules are widely used in dynamic job shop scheduling due to their easy implementation and low computational complexity. In this paper, a scheduling method based on scheduling rules and path selection rules is proposed for multistage production system scheduling with one or more machines at each level, and then the load level of the shop floor is analyzed in the dynamic workshop. The effect of failure rate level, workpiece path and job shop layout on the performance of scheduling rules. Specifically, the following aspects are studied: (1) the system, the advantages of system simulation, the basic steps of system simulation and its application in engineering are studied and analyzed. This paper introduces the characteristics of simulation software Arena and its application field, and compares the advantages and disadvantages of various kinds of popular software in detail. (2) aiming at the scheduling problem of multistage production system with one or more machines at each level, In this paper, a scheduling method based on scheduling rules and path selection rules is proposed. The scheduling rules determine the processing order of the workpieces on the machine, and the path selection rules enable the workpieces to select suitable machines for machining. The simulation model of scheduling problem in multilevel production system is established, and the scheduling rules and path selection rules are tested. The average flow time, average delay time, average work-in-process and average machine utilization rate are taken as system performance evaluation indexes. This paper compares 30 kinds of rules composed of 10 kinds of scheduling rules and 3 kinds of path selection rules. The scheduling rules combination of single index and multi-index is determined. (3) the performance of scheduling rules in two kinds of manufacturing systems, job shop and flow shop, is compared and studied. Four scheduling rules based on flow time and delay time are proposed. The average flow time, the maximum circulation time, the variability of the circulation time, the average delay time, the maximum delay time, the variability of the delayed workpiece and the percentage of the delayed workpiece are taken as the performance indexes of the scheduling rules. The influence of machine failure rate level, workshop load level, workpiece path and shop layout on scheduling rule performance is analyzed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:蘭州理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2014
【分類號】:TB497

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