【摘要】：當(dāng)前機(jī)電包裝箱的主要材料是森林原木，而我國(guó)是一個(gè)森林資源極為匱乏的國(guó)家，每年僅用于包裝的木材就占商品材總量的1/6左右，因此，以新型材料如單板層積材（LVL）等替代原木用于機(jī)電產(chǎn)品的包裝對(duì)緩解我國(guó)森林資源缺乏的矛盾有著十分重要的意義。同時(shí)，由于機(jī)電產(chǎn)品對(duì)精度與可靠性的要求非常高，這需要其包裝箱在運(yùn)輸和周轉(zhuǎn)的過(guò)程中具有良好的力學(xué)性能，因而必須對(duì)機(jī)電包裝箱的力學(xué)性能進(jìn)行研究。 本文通過(guò)對(duì)南京某公司某型機(jī)電產(chǎn)品包裝箱進(jìn)行實(shí)際測(cè)繪后，基于大型三維建模軟件Pro/ENGINEER創(chuàng)建了包裝箱的幾何模型，并利用經(jīng)典力學(xué)理論與基于ANSYS的有限元仿真兩種計(jì)算方法分別對(duì)松木與楊木LVL兩種材料的包裝箱結(jié)構(gòu)靜態(tài)力學(xué)性能進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)分析，通過(guò)對(duì)比分析發(fā)現(xiàn)：基于ANSYS的有限元分析結(jié)果與經(jīng)典力學(xué)理論分析結(jié)果相吻合，兩者之間的相對(duì)誤差非常小，最大誤差為12.189%，最小誤差僅為0.102%；楊木LVL包裝箱的力學(xué)性能完全符合機(jī)電包裝箱實(shí)際使用的要求，因此，，楊木LVL完全可以替代松木等原木作為機(jī)電包裝材料。 此外，本文通過(guò)對(duì)現(xiàn)有包裝箱結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行模態(tài)分析，得到了包裝箱結(jié)構(gòu)的固有頻率與相應(yīng)的模態(tài)振型，為包裝箱在振動(dòng)、沖擊等后續(xù)工況下的力學(xué)性能分析提供了一定的基礎(chǔ)，通過(guò)模態(tài)分析可發(fā)現(xiàn)：包裝箱的前十階固有頻率均小于30Hz，而包裝箱在運(yùn)輸和周轉(zhuǎn)的過(guò)程中通常受到的外部激勵(lì)頻率一般小于25Hz，容易在外部激勵(lì)的作用下發(fā)生共振，因而對(duì)包裝箱進(jìn)行模態(tài)分析研究是十分必要的，在必要的時(shí)候需采取適當(dāng)?shù)拇胧┍苊獍b箱結(jié)構(gòu)與外部激勵(lì)發(fā)生共振。 最后，本文對(duì)現(xiàn)有包裝箱的底架枕木與縱梁進(jìn)行了優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)。優(yōu)化分析前底架枕木的截面寬度、截面高度、最大撓度與總體積分別為0.120m、0.020m、4.441×10-3m與3.504×10-3m3，優(yōu)化后枕木的截面寬度、截面高度、最大撓度與總體積分別為0.044m、0.032m、3.086×10-3m與2.065×10-3m3，盡管優(yōu)化后枕木的截面高度尺寸比優(yōu)化前增加了60%，但優(yōu)化后枕木的截面寬度尺寸、最大撓度以及總體積分別比優(yōu)化前減小了63.333%、30.511%與41.067%；優(yōu)化前底架縱梁的截面寬度、截面高度、最大撓度與總體積分別為0.170m、0.150m、3.389×10-3m與0.127m3，優(yōu)化后縱梁的截面寬度、截面高度、最大撓度與總體積分別為0.148m、0.158m、3.370×10-3m與0.116m3，盡管優(yōu)化后縱梁的截面高度尺寸比優(yōu)化前增加了5.333%，但優(yōu)化后縱梁的截面寬度尺寸、最大撓度以及總體積分別比優(yōu)化前減少了12.941%、0.561%與8.661%。通過(guò)對(duì)比分析優(yōu)化前后底架枕木（或縱梁）的力學(xué)性能可知：合理減小包裝箱底架枕木（或縱梁）的截面寬度尺寸，同時(shí)適當(dāng)增加其截面高度尺寸，可以使包裝箱底架枕木（或縱梁）在滿足使用性能要求的同時(shí)，降低木材的使用量。
[Abstract]:At present, the main material used in mechatronic packing cases is forest logs. However, China is a country with extremely scarce forest resources. The timber used for packaging alone accounts for about 1 / 6 of the total commercial timber every year. Therefore, It is of great significance to replace log packaging with new materials such as veneer laminated material (LVL) in order to alleviate the contradiction of forest resources shortage in China. At the same time, the mechanical properties of mechatronic products must be studied because of the very high requirement of precision and reliability, which requires that the packing cases have good mechanical properties in the course of transportation and turnover. After surveying and mapping a certain type of mechanical and electrical product packing box in a Nanjing company, the geometric model of the packing box is established based on the large-scale 3D modeling software Pro/ENGINEER. The static mechanical properties of the packing box structure of pine and poplar LVL are analyzed in detail by using the classical mechanics theory and the finite element simulation method based on ANSYS. It is found that the results of finite element analysis based on ANSYS are consistent with those of classical mechanics theory. The relative error between them is very small, the maximum error is 12.189 and the minimum error is only 0.102. The mechanical properties of poplar LVL packing box fully meet the requirements of mechanical and electrical packaging. Therefore, poplar LVL can completely replace pine and other logs as mechanical and electrical packaging materials. In addition, through modal analysis of the existing packing box structure, the natural frequency and the corresponding modal mode of the packaging structure are obtained, which provides a certain basis for the mechanical performance analysis of the packaging box under the following working conditions, such as vibration and impact. Modal analysis shows that the first ten natural frequencies of packing cases are all less than 30 Hz, while the external excitation frequencies of packing cases are generally less than 25 Hz in the course of transportation and turnover, which is easy to resonate under external excitation. Therefore, it is very necessary to study the modal analysis of the packing box. When necessary, appropriate measures should be taken to avoid the resonance between the packing box structure and the external excitation. Finally, this paper optimizes the design of the underrest and longitudinal beam of the existing packing box. The cross-section width, cross-section height, maximum deflection and total volume of the front bottom sleeper are 0.120 m ~ (0.020) m ~ (-3) and 3.504 脳 10 ~ (-3) m ~ (-3), respectively. The cross-section width and section height of the sleeper are optimized. The maximum deflection and the total volume are 0.044 m / m 0.032 mN 3.086 脳 10 ~ (-3) m and 2.065 脳 10 ~ (-3) m ~ (-3) respectively. Although the cross-section height dimension of the optimized sleepers is increased by 60%, the cross-section width dimension, the maximum deflection and the total volume of the optimized sleepers are reduced by 63.33330.511% and 41.067%, respectively. The cross-section width, cross-section height, maximum deflection and total volume of the longitudinal beam of the front underframe are 0.170 mg / m 0.150 mU 3.389 脳 10 ~ (-3) and 0.127 m ~ (3) respectively. After optimization, the cross-section width and cross-section height of the optimized longitudinal beam are obtained. The maximum deflection and total volume are 0.148mg / m 0.158m/ m and 0.116m3respectively. Although the cross-section height dimension of the optimized longitudinal beam increases by 5.333than that before the optimization, the cross-section width dimension, maximum deflection and total volume of the optimized longitudinal beam are reduced by 12.941% and 8.661wt%, respectively. By comparing and analyzing the mechanical properties of the underrest (or longitudinal beam) before and after optimization, it can be seen that the cross-section width of the bottom sleeper (or longitudinal beam) of the packing box can be reduced reasonably, and the cross-section height dimension of the sleeper (or the longitudinal beam) should be increased appropriately at the same time. Can make box chassis sleeper (or longitudinal beam) to meet the performance requirements, while reducing the use of wood.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京林業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TB487

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本文編號(hào)：2146590