【摘要】：為了抑制衛(wèi)星對(duì)空間光學(xué)載荷的擾動(dòng)，需對(duì)光學(xué)載荷進(jìn)行隔振設(shè)計(jì)。被動(dòng)隔振技術(shù)因其可靠性高、隔振效果好等優(yōu)點(diǎn)而被廣泛應(yīng)用于航天領(lǐng)域。為此，本文設(shè)計(jì)了一種空間用粘滯液體阻尼隔振器，它具有密封可靠、空間環(huán)境適應(yīng)性好等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。 首先介紹了國(guó)內(nèi)外隔振器的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀及相關(guān)的隔振理論，，然后根據(jù)空間光學(xué)遙感器的隔振需求確定了隔振器的結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)，設(shè)計(jì)了一種具有三向剛度的彈簧片，采用有限單元法研究了影響彈簧片剛度的幾個(gè)主要參數(shù)厚度、波數(shù)和圓弧半徑。根據(jù)流體力學(xué)相關(guān)知識(shí)建立了隔振器阻尼力計(jì)算模型，并研究了阻尼孔長(zhǎng)度、阻尼孔半徑及阻尼液粘度對(duì)阻尼系數(shù)的影響。在隔振器剛度和阻尼設(shè)計(jì)的基礎(chǔ)上完成了隔振器結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)，并充分考慮結(jié)構(gòu)工藝性、密封、注油等問(wèn)題。 其次，將采用上述方法設(shè)計(jì)的隔振器分別應(yīng)用到1m口徑相機(jī)隔振系統(tǒng)及定位臂隔振系統(tǒng)中。利用有限元分析軟件建立相機(jī)及隔振系統(tǒng)有限元模型，通過(guò)模態(tài)分析及頻響分析得到其前六階模態(tài)及傳遞率曲線(xiàn)，仿真結(jié)果表明：該隔振系統(tǒng)可使20Hz以上的振動(dòng)衰減達(dá)到60%，滿(mǎn)足隔振要求。將隔振器應(yīng)用在光學(xué)設(shè)施運(yùn)動(dòng)補(bǔ)償?shù)亩ㄎ槐凵�，并�?duì)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行仿真分析，分析結(jié)果表明隔振器可將系統(tǒng)擺動(dòng)頻率控制在1Hz以?xún)?nèi)，可有效抑制光學(xué)設(shè)施的振幅。 最后，進(jìn)行了隔振器的性能實(shí)驗(yàn)，采用力錘敲擊法分別測(cè)試隔振器在不同阻尼孔直徑、不同阻尼液粘度和不同構(gòu)型下的隔振性能，還對(duì)隔振器質(zhì)量塊系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行模態(tài)分析，得到系統(tǒng)前三階模態(tài)，并與實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果對(duì)比，實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果與有限元仿真結(jié)果誤差控制在4%以?xún)?nèi)。通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果驗(yàn)證了隔振器有限元模型的正確性，數(shù)據(jù)處理后得到阻尼液粘度和粘滯損失因子之間的數(shù)值關(guān)系，據(jù)此我們可以設(shè)計(jì)出所需剛度和阻尼系數(shù)的隔振器，縮短工程設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)間，降低設(shè)計(jì)成本。
[Abstract]:In order to suppress the disturbance of the space optical load, the vibration isolation design of the optical load is needed. Passive vibration isolation technology is widely used in aerospace field because of its high reliability and good vibration isolation effect. In this paper, a viscous liquid damping vibration isolator for space is designed, which has the advantages of reliable sealing and good adaptability to space environment. This paper first introduces the development status of vibration isolators at home and abroad and the relevant vibration isolation theory, then determines the structural parameters of the isolators according to the vibration isolation requirements of the space optical remote sensors, and designs a spring plate with three direction stiffness. The thickness, wave number and arc radius of several main parameters affecting the stiffness of spring plate are studied by finite element method. Based on the relevant knowledge of fluid mechanics, the damping force calculation model of the isolator is established, and the effects of damping hole length, damping hole radius and damping fluid viscosity on the damping coefficient are studied. Based on the design of the stiffness and damping of the isolator, the structural design of the isolator is completed, and the structural process, sealing and oil injection are fully considered. Secondly, the vibration isolator designed by the above method is applied to the vibration isolation system of the 1m caliber camera and the vibration isolation system of the positioning arm respectively. The finite element model of camera and vibration isolation system is established by using finite element analysis software. The first six modes and transfer rate curves are obtained by modal analysis and frequency response analysis. The simulation results show that the vibration attenuation above 20Hz can reach 60%, which can meet the requirements of vibration isolation. The vibration isolator is applied to the positioning arm of motion compensation of optical facilities, and the system is simulated and analyzed. The results show that the vibration frequency of the system can be controlled within 1Hz and the amplitude of the optical device can be effectively suppressed by the isolator. Finally, the performance experiment of the isolator is carried out. The vibration isolation performance of the isolator under different damping hole diameter, different viscosity of damping fluid and different configuration is tested by force hammer percussion method. Modal analysis is also carried out on the mass block system of the isolator. The first three modes of the system are obtained, and compared with the experimental results, the error between the experimental results and the finite element simulation results is controlled within 4%. The validity of the finite element model of the isolator is verified by the experimental results. The numerical relationship between the viscosity of the damping fluid and the viscosity loss factor is obtained after the data processing. Based on this, the required stiffness and damping coefficient of the isolator can be designed. Shortens the engineering design time, reduces the design cost.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)科學(xué)院研究生院(長(zhǎng)春光學(xué)精密機(jī)械與物理研究所)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TB535.1

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