【摘要】：超聲近場懸浮(Near Field Acoustic Levitation簡稱NFAL)是一種利用高能量密度的超聲波作用于面密度較小的物體使其在聲源上方一個波長高度內(nèi)懸浮的現(xiàn)象。但目前超聲近場懸浮技術(shù)并不成熟,懸浮過程還不穩(wěn)定,限制了其在生產(chǎn)制造中的應用。本文以實驗為基礎(chǔ)研究了近場懸浮中懸浮物的穩(wěn)定性以及影響穩(wěn)定性的因素,提出了改善懸浮穩(wěn)定的兩種可行性方法。研究提出了懸浮現(xiàn)象中回復力的建模方法,對穩(wěn)定性作出了定量評價,主要研究內(nèi)容如下： 分析了近場懸浮中處于振動盤與被懸浮物之間的空氣擠壓膜,建立了擠壓膜模型,給出了擠壓膜內(nèi)部聲壓、空氣分子振動、內(nèi)部層流流動分布規(guī)律,從擠壓膜內(nèi)層流分布引起的粘滯力和懸浮物在聲場中具有的懸浮勢能兩個角度出發(fā),對近場懸浮中被懸浮物所受回復力進行理論分析,給出被懸浮物可穩(wěn)定懸浮的最大偏心距與回復力表達式,為穩(wěn)定性研究提供了理論基礎(chǔ)。 提出應用光學方法對近場懸浮中被懸浮物的運動狀態(tài)進行運動追蹤,設(shè)計制作了運動采集裝置,應用自行編寫的軟件進行位移數(shù)據(jù)提取與處理,對懸浮過程中被懸浮物的懸浮狀態(tài)進行描述。 建立被懸浮物速度、加速度與其在聲場中的位置之間的關(guān)系,給出了近場懸浮中聲場施加在被懸浮物上的回復力變化規(guī)律,針對系統(tǒng)具有的遲滯特性,建立回復力遲滯模型,對懸浮穩(wěn)定性進行定量分析。解決了目前超聲近場懸浮理論研究與實驗研究缺少聯(lián)系的問題,為實驗研究上升到理論研究提供了方法,為理論研究提供了實驗支持。 對聲場中粘滯力的分布、勢能場的分布與振動盤振動分布之間的關(guān)系進行定性分析,提出通過改變超聲發(fā)射端表面振動分布和表面形狀建立優(yōu)化聲場的方法,基于這個優(yōu)化方法,制作可產(chǎn)生優(yōu)化型聲場的超聲發(fā)射端,并對優(yōu)化后的聲場進行了聲壓分布測量,通過運動追蹤方法建立回復力模型,進行穩(wěn)定性評價。
[Abstract]:Ultrasonic near-field levitation (NFAL) is a phenomenon in which ultrasonic wave with high energy density acts on an object with low surface density and suspends at a wavelength above the sound source. However, the ultrasonic near-field suspension technology is not mature, and the suspension process is not stable, which limits its application in production and manufacture. In this paper, the stability of suspensions in near-field suspension and the influencing factors are studied on the basis of experiments. Two feasible methods to improve the stability of suspensions are put forward. In this paper, the modeling method of the return force in suspension is proposed, and the stability is evaluated quantitatively. The main contents are as follows: the air extrusion film between the vibration disk and the suspended object in the near field suspension is analyzed. The extrusion film model is established, and the internal sound pressure, air molecular vibration and laminar flow distribution are given. The viscous force caused by laminar flow distribution in the extrusion film and the suspended potential energy of suspended substance in sound field are analyzed. The theoretical analysis of the recoil force of suspended objects in near-field suspension is carried out, and the expressions of maximum eccentricity and recoil force of suspended objects are given, which provide a theoretical basis for the study of stability. An optical method is proposed to track the motion of suspended objects in near-field suspension. A motion acquisition device is designed and made. The displacement data are extracted and processed by the software written by ourselves. The suspended state of suspended objects in the process of suspension is described. The relationship between the velocity and acceleration of suspended object and its position in the sound field is established. The law of the variation of the recoil force applied by the sound field on the suspended object in the near-field suspension is given. According to the hysteresis characteristic of the system, the hysteresis model of the recoil force is established. The stability of suspension was quantitatively analyzed. It solves the problem that the theoretical research of ultrasonic near-field suspension is not related to the experimental research at present, which provides the method for the experimental research to rise to the theoretical research, and provides the experimental support for the theoretical research. The relationship between the distribution of viscous force, the distribution of potential energy field and the vibration distribution of vibration disk in sound field is qualitatively analyzed, and the method of optimizing sound field by changing the surface vibration distribution and surface shape of ultrasonic emitter is put forward. Based on this optimization method, the ultrasonic emitter which can produce the optimized sound field is made, and the sound pressure distribution of the optimized sound field is measured, and the recovery force model is established by the motion tracing method to evaluate the stability of the optimized sound field.
【學位授予單位】：大連理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TB559

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