【摘要】：概念設計是產品設計周期中最關鍵的一步,越來越多的學者投入到概念設計的研究中。產品概念設計就是將需求轉換為概念產品,因此對需求的處理顯得尤為重要。而在概念設計這個階段中,已知的信息通常是不確定的、模糊的,無法用準確的模型卻描述。而運用QFD方法就可以將用戶給出的需求轉換為整個產品設計周期中的各個技術特性要求,為設計者所用。QFD方法的主要輸入之一就是需求的合理表示,需求的獲取和建模方法中,圖和樹的方法可以很好的表示需求中涵蓋的產品的功能和結構要求,但是卻不能對有些需求的條件進行約束,本體論的公理和約束就解決了這一難題。本文從抽象的角度對產品概念設計過程有了進一步的認識,強調了正確全面地處理需求的重要性。在對本體的建模方法有了初步的認識后,結合產品質量屬性和樹的建模方法,詳細介紹了質量本體構建的步驟,并構建了減速器的表示本體。以減速器部分需求為例,提出了需求處理時遇到的兩類最主要的問題。一是約束限制。在建立本體時,會建立各個概念之間的約束,本文中對于需求不符合約束的需求進行轉化。二是分類的不確定性。由于建立本體時,根據(jù)的是產品的質量屬性進行抽象和分類,而概念定義邊界的模糊性,導致分類出現(xiàn)模棱兩可的情況。針對這兩類問題,在學習和總結模糊數(shù)學相關知識和應用的基礎上,將模糊聚類理論和隸屬函數(shù)數(shù)學方法引入概念設計的需求分析中,很好地處理了不滿足約束和屬性分類出現(xiàn)模糊性的情況。通過設計相應的知識表示方法,將最原始的需求依據(jù)質量屬性進行了分類和表示。對需求處理完成后,為了得到產品設計時的關鍵技術特性,需要對需求進行排序并計算各個需求的權重,因此結合AHP方法的優(yōu)點,計算出每個需求的權重。這樣,結合QFD質量屋矩陣,就得到了產品設計的關鍵技術要求,并貫穿于整個產品設計,較好地完成了用戶到產品設計者的轉換。最后結合減速器設計的問題,運用機械產品表示本體得到了需求的聚類結果,用相應的數(shù)學方法解決了推理過程中出現(xiàn)的問題。在QFD質量屋中,結合專家經驗知識,得到了減速器設計的需求重要的排序和關鍵技術要求,完成了從用戶需求到技術特性的轉換。
[Abstract]:Conceptual design is the most critical step in the product design cycle, and more scholars are involved in the research of conceptual design. Product conceptual design is to transform requirements into conceptual products, so it is very important to deal with requirements. In this stage of conceptual design, the known information is usually uncertain, fuzzy, and can not be described with an accurate model. By using qfd method, the requirements given by users can be transformed into the requirements of various technical characteristics in the whole product design cycle. One of the main inputs of the .qfd method used by designers is the reasonable representation of requirements, the acquisition of requirements and the modeling method. The graph and tree method can well express the functional and structural requirements of the products covered by the requirements, but it can not constrain some requirements. The ontology axioms and constraints solve this problem. This paper gives a further understanding of the process of product conceptual design from an abstract point of view, and emphasizes the importance of dealing with requirements correctly and comprehensively. After a preliminary understanding of the ontology modeling method, combined with the product quality attributes and the modeling method of the tree, the construction steps of the quality ontology are introduced in detail, and the representation ontology of the reducer is constructed. Taking some requirements of reducer as an example, two kinds of main problems encountered in demand processing are put forward. One is the restriction. In the process of building ontology, the constraints between different concepts are established. In this paper, the requirements that do not conform to the constraints are transformed. The second is the uncertainty of classification. Because the ontology is built according to the quality attribute of the product to abstract and classify, and the ambiguity of the definition boundary of the concept leads to the ambiguity of the classification. In view of these two kinds of problems, on the basis of learning and summarizing the relevant knowledge and application of fuzzy mathematics, fuzzy clustering theory and membership function mathematical method are introduced into the requirement analysis of conceptual design. The fuzziness of dissatisfied constraints and attribute classification is well dealt with. By designing the corresponding knowledge representation method, the most original requirements are classified and represented according to the quality attributes. After the requirement processing is completed, in order to obtain the key technical characteristics of product design, it is necessary to sort the requirements and calculate the weight of each requirement. Therefore, combining the advantages of AHP method, the weight of each requirement is calculated. In this way, the key technical requirements of product design are obtained by combining qfd quality room matrix, which runs through the whole product design and completes the conversion from user to product designer. Finally, combined with the problem of reducer design, the clustering result of requirement is obtained by using mechanical product representation ontology, and the problems in reasoning process are solved by corresponding mathematical method. In qfd quality room, combined with expert experience and knowledge, the important ranking and key technical requirements of reducer design requirements are obtained, and the conversion from user requirements to technical characteristics is completed.
【學位授予單位】：西安電子科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TB472

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相關碩士學位論文 前1條

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本文編號：2128596