【摘要】：抗沖蝕磨損仿生表面的研究，在風(fēng)機(jī)葉片、水泵葉片、渦輪葉片、直升機(jī)螺旋槳和飛機(jī)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)等方面具有重要的科學(xué)意義和應(yīng)用價(jià)值。本文研究了紅柳的抗沖蝕磨損特性和機(jī)理，設(shè)計(jì)加工了抗沖蝕仿生表面試樣和離心風(fēng)機(jī)仿生表面葉片，研究了其沖蝕磨損特性，利用紅柳內(nèi)部孔道分布特性，對(duì)環(huán)氧樹(shù)脂沖蝕磨損表面進(jìn)行了仿生自修復(fù)的探索性研究。 采集吉林白城地區(qū)和新疆阿克蘇地區(qū)的紅柳，，分析了紅柳采集地的氣候特征；以白城地區(qū)采集的紅柳為生物原型，通過(guò)體視顯微鏡和逆向工程等分析迎風(fēng)面和背風(fēng)面的體表形態(tài)差異；通過(guò)掃描電鏡、傅里葉紅外變換光譜和X射線衍射儀等設(shè)備分析紅柳內(nèi)部橫切面和弦切面的形態(tài)、結(jié)構(gòu)特征、化學(xué)成分（有機(jī)和無(wú)機(jī)成分）差異；通過(guò)萬(wàn)能試驗(yàn)機(jī)和納米壓痕儀等設(shè)備，測(cè)試、計(jì)算紅柳內(nèi)部從迎風(fēng)面到背風(fēng)面強(qiáng)度、彈性模量、硬度和殘余應(yīng)力等力學(xué)性能變化規(guī)律；探討了紅柳偏心形態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)的方向性規(guī)律，分析了紅柳體表形態(tài)、內(nèi)部偏心結(jié)構(gòu)和殘余應(yīng)力之間的關(guān)系，揭示了紅柳抗沖蝕磨損機(jī)理；在Q235鋼表面設(shè)計(jì)并加工了抗沖蝕磨損仿生表面試樣和離心風(fēng)機(jī)仿生表面葉片，通過(guò)射流式?jīng)_蝕測(cè)試裝置和自行設(shè)計(jì)、搭建的離心風(fēng)機(jī)葉片沖蝕測(cè)試裝置，進(jìn)行了相應(yīng)的沖蝕磨損性能測(cè)試，研究了沖蝕粒子在仿生表面產(chǎn)生的粒子二次沖蝕現(xiàn)象和機(jī)理，分析了紅柳及其炭化后的內(nèi)部孔道分布特性，利用其孔道特性，進(jìn)行了環(huán)氧樹(shù)脂沖蝕磨損表面自修復(fù)性能的探索性研究。 紅柳迎風(fēng)面體表的溝槽形態(tài)特征，比背風(fēng)面具有更好的抗沖蝕磨損性能；迎風(fēng)面展示出了高硬度、高彈性模量等優(yōu)異的力學(xué)性能，使其具有良好的抗沖蝕磨損性能；迎風(fēng)面受到風(fēng)沙沖蝕刺激后，細(xì)胞分裂速度快，導(dǎo)致迎風(fēng)面年輪寬度大于背風(fēng)面年輪寬度，年輪寬度的增加使迎風(fēng)面體表的拉應(yīng)力增大，較大的拉應(yīng)力促進(jìn)了體表裂紋的形成，裂紋的形成使體表拉應(yīng)力降低，應(yīng)力的降低促進(jìn)了細(xì)胞的快速分裂；仿生表面試樣和離心風(fēng)機(jī)仿生表面葉片展示出良好的抗沖蝕磨損性能，與光滑試樣相比，在最優(yōu)試驗(yàn)點(diǎn)抗沖蝕磨損性能分別提高了約26%和29%；紅柳內(nèi)部孔道立體網(wǎng)狀互通，利用紅柳及其炭化后的孔道，成功進(jìn)行了環(huán)氧樹(shù)脂沖蝕磨損表面的自修復(fù)，為進(jìn)一步抗沖蝕功能表面的仿生工程應(yīng)用和自修復(fù)功能表面的設(shè)計(jì)、制備，提供了理論基礎(chǔ)和新的思路。
[Abstract]:The study of anti erosion wear biomimetic surface has important scientific significance and application value in fan blade, pump blade, turbine blade, helicopter propeller and aircraft engine. This paper studies the anti erosion wear characteristics and mechanism of red willow, and designs and machined anti erosion bionic surface samples and bionic surface blades of centrifugal fan. The erosion wear characteristics of the epoxy resin erosion surface were studied by using the distribution characteristics of the inner channel of the red willow.
Collecting red willow in Baicheng area of Jilin and Akesu area of Xinjiang, the climatic characteristics of the red willow collection area were analyzed. The morphological differences between the upwind surface and the leeward surface were analyzed by the stereoscopic microscope and reverse engineering, using the red willow as the biological prototype in Baicheng area, and the scanning electric microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectrum and X ray diffraction were used. The apparatus, etc., analyzed the morphology, structural features, chemical composition (organic and inorganic components) of the transverse section and the tangent surface of the red willow, and tested the mechanical properties of the inside of the willow from the upwind surface to the leeward surface, the modulus of elasticity, the hardness and the residual stress. The directional regularity of the eccentric morphological structure of the willow, the relationship between the shape of the body of the red willow body, the internal eccentricity structure and the residual stress was analyzed, and the anti erosion and wear mechanism of the red willow was revealed. The anti erosion wear resistant biomimetic surface samples and the bionic surface blade of the centrifugal fan were designed and processed on the surface of Q235 steel. The erosion and wear performance test of the centrifugal fan blade was designed, and the two erosion phenomena and mechanism of the particles produced on the bionic surface were studied. The distribution characteristics of the inner channel after the red willow and its carbonization were analyzed, and the erosion and wear surface of the epoxy resin was made by using the characteristics of the orifice. An exploratory study of the repair performance.
The groove shape characteristics of the red willow face surface have better erosion resistance than the leeward surface. The upwind surface shows excellent mechanical properties such as high hardness, high elastic modulus and so on, which makes it have good erosion resistance and abrasion resistance. After the wind surface is stimulated by wind sand erosion, the cell division speed is fast, leading to the wide width of the windward face ring. The tensile stress of the body surface is increased by the increase of the ring width of the leeward side and the increase of the ring width. The larger tensile stress promotes the formation of the body surface crack. The formation of the crack leads to the decrease of the tensile stress of the body surface and the decrease of the stress. The bionic surface specimen and the bionic surface blade of the centrifugal fan show good resistance to erosion. Compared with the smooth specimen, the abrasion resistance of the specimen was increased by about 26% and 29% respectively at the optimum test point. The inner channel of the red willow was interconnected in a three-dimensional network. The self repair of the eroded surface of the epoxy resin was successfully repaired by using the red willow and its carbonized pass, which was used for the bionic engineering application and self repair of the anti erosion functional surface. The design and preparation of the complex functional surface provide a theoretical basis and a new way of thinking.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TG174.4;TB17

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