本文選題：兩級(jí)高頻脈沖管制冷機(jī) + 直流驅(qū)動(dòng)與控制��； 參考：《中國(guó)科學(xué)院研究生院(上海技術(shù)物理研究所)》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：當(dāng)今航天設(shè)備承擔(dān)著更多更復(fù)雜的功能,對(duì)能夠同時(shí)提供兩個(gè)溫區(qū)及不同冷量的制冷機(jī)有著緊迫的需求。然而,目前國(guó)內(nèi)針對(duì)兩級(jí)同時(shí)取冷的高頻脈沖管制冷機(jī)的研究相對(duì)比較缺乏,特別是對(duì)兩級(jí)冷量分配問題也未有深入研究。此外,針對(duì)制冷機(jī)實(shí)際航天應(yīng)用環(huán)境,對(duì)于兩級(jí)脈沖管制冷機(jī)在直流下驅(qū)動(dòng)與溫度主動(dòng)控制的研究也有待進(jìn)一步開展。鑒于此,本文開展了兩級(jí)高頻脈沖管制冷機(jī)級(jí)間冷量分配以及直流下驅(qū)動(dòng)與控制的理論與實(shí)驗(yàn)研究,主要內(nèi)容和結(jié)論如下:(1)對(duì)直流下高頻脈沖管制冷機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)機(jī)理與控制方法進(jìn)行理論研究。建立高頻脈沖管制冷機(jī)在控制過程中的數(shù)學(xué)模型,設(shè)計(jì)專家PID控制策略,并編寫相應(yīng)仿真程序。針對(duì)兩級(jí)脈沖管制冷機(jī)兩點(diǎn)同時(shí)溫控提出控制策略,利用控制電路配合控制算法實(shí)現(xiàn)兩級(jí)制冷溫度的同時(shí)控制。(2)對(duì)直流電源下高頻脈沖管制冷機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)與控制系統(tǒng)開展實(shí)驗(yàn)研究。設(shè)計(jì)溫度信號(hào)采集與放大模塊PCB電路板、H橋功率放大模塊PCB電路板以及信號(hào)處理模塊PCB電路板,并根據(jù)SPWM波調(diào)制方法和所設(shè)計(jì)的專家PID控制方法,基于C語言設(shè)計(jì)相應(yīng)控制程序。(3)從理論和實(shí)驗(yàn)上研究了電壓波形對(duì)脈沖管制冷機(jī)性能的影響,在一定輸出功范圍內(nèi),梯形波和SWCTH波驅(qū)動(dòng)下制冷機(jī)性能比正弦波下更佳。此外,開展直流電源下的線性驅(qū)動(dòng)實(shí)驗(yàn),驅(qū)動(dòng)與控制系統(tǒng)的能量平均轉(zhuǎn)換效率達(dá)到96.21%,直流驅(qū)動(dòng)下可實(shí)現(xiàn)與交流驅(qū)動(dòng)相同效果。自動(dòng)溫度控制實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)試結(jié)果表明:在無外界干擾情況下,溫度穩(wěn)定性可達(dá)±0.2 K@2 h,當(dāng)外界施加干擾時(shí),穩(wěn)定性可達(dá)±0.3 K。(4)對(duì)高頻脈沖管制冷機(jī)分析優(yōu)化模型進(jìn)行理論研究。提出新型電路類比模型,包含高頻脈沖管制冷機(jī)所有主要部件,可針對(duì)每個(gè)部件或整個(gè)制冷機(jī)進(jìn)行深入定量分析和優(yōu)化。此外,對(duì)兩級(jí)之間連接位置進(jìn)行深入理論研究,分別得到對(duì)應(yīng)第二級(jí)最高制冷效率及對(duì)應(yīng)第二級(jí)最低無負(fù)荷溫度的級(jí)間連接位置。(5)對(duì)高頻脈沖管制冷機(jī)冷指與壓縮機(jī)之間最優(yōu)匹配進(jìn)行理論和實(shí)驗(yàn)研究。系統(tǒng)分析脈沖管冷指與線性壓縮機(jī)之間相互影響,并分別提出與已有線性壓縮機(jī)最優(yōu)匹配的脈沖管冷指設(shè)計(jì)方法以及與已有冷指最優(yōu)匹配的線性壓縮機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)方法。針對(duì)已有的一臺(tái)線性壓縮機(jī)和冷指,分別設(shè)計(jì)直線型脈沖管冷指和線性壓縮機(jī)與之進(jìn)行匹配,匹配后制冷機(jī)的實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果與模擬結(jié)果均比較吻合。對(duì)于匹配后的直線型制冷機(jī),在制冷溫度為80 K時(shí),平均電機(jī)效率值為81.5%,制冷效率為17.2%;對(duì)于匹配后的同軸型制冷機(jī),在制冷溫度為60 K時(shí),平均電機(jī)效率值達(dá)到83%,制冷效率達(dá)到9.6%。(6)對(duì)兩級(jí)同時(shí)取冷脈沖管制冷機(jī)進(jìn)行優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)和實(shí)驗(yàn)研究。研究關(guān)鍵部件及運(yùn)行狀態(tài)等參數(shù)對(duì)兩級(jí)冷指制冷性能以及每一級(jí)冷指入口處PV功分配的影響。此外,通過匹配理論優(yōu)化已有線性壓縮機(jī),與兩級(jí)冷指匹配后電機(jī)效率達(dá)到82%。兩級(jí)脈沖管制冷機(jī)的實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)試結(jié)果表明:在輸入電功為300 W時(shí),兩級(jí)可同時(shí)獲取2.5 W@85 K和0.64 W@30 K,驗(yàn)證了兩級(jí)冷指之間PV功分配以及冷量分配分析的正確性。
[Abstract]:Nowadays, space equipment has more and more complex functions, and it has urgent demand for the refrigerators which can provide two temperature zones and different cooling rates at the same time. However, the research on the high frequency pulse control refrigerator for the two stage cooling at the same time is relatively short, especially for the problem of the two stage cold distribution. In view of the practical space application environment of the refrigerator, the research on the drive and temperature control of the two stage pulse tube cooler under DC drive and active control is still to be further developed. In view of this, the theoretical and Experimental Research on the distribution of the cooling level of the two stage high frequency pulse tube cooler and the drive and control of DC is carried out in this paper. The main contents and conclusions are as follows: (1) the theoretical research on the driving mechanism and control method of the high frequency pulse control refrigerator under direct current is carried out. The mathematical model of the high frequency pulse control refrigerator in the control process is set up, the expert PID control strategy is designed and the corresponding simulation program is written. The control strategy is put forward for the two point temperature control of the two stage pulse control refrigerator and the control circuit is used for coordination control. The algorithm realizes the simultaneous control of the two stage refrigeration temperature. (2) the experimental research on the drive and control system of high frequency pulse control refrigerator under DC power is carried out. The PCB circuit board of temperature signal acquisition and amplification module, the PCB circuit board of the H bridge power amplifier module and the PCB circuit board of the signal processing module are designed, and the SPWM wave modulation method and the design are designed. The expert PID control method is based on the design of the corresponding control program based on the C language. (3) the influence of the voltage waveform on the performance of the pulse control refrigerator is studied theoretically and experimentally. In a certain output power range, the performance of the trapezoid wave and the SWCTH wave is better than the sinusoidal wave. In addition, the linear drive experiment under DC power supply is carried out and the drive and the drive are carried out. The energy average conversion efficiency of the control system reaches 96.21% and the DC drive can achieve the same effect as the AC drive. The experimental results of the automatic temperature control show that the temperature stability can be up to 0.2 K@2 h without external interference, and the stability can reach up to 0.3 K. (4) for the analysis and optimization of the high frequency pulse control refrigerator. The model is studied. A new type of circuit analogy model, including all the main components of the high frequency pulse control refrigerator, can be analyzed and optimized in depth for each component or the whole chiller. In addition, the connection position between the two stages is theoretically studied, and the maximum refrigeration efficiency of the corresponding second levels and the corresponding second are obtained respectively. (5) theoretical and Experimental Research on the optimal matching between the cold finger and the compressor of the high frequency pulse tube refrigerator. The interaction between the cold finger of the pulse tube and the linear compressor is analyzed systematically, and the design method of the pulse tube cold finger with the optimal matching of the existing linear compressor is put forward and the results are given. A linear compressor design method with the optimal matching of cold finger. For a linear compressor and a cold finger, a linear pulse tube cold finger and a linear compressor are designed and matched. The experimental results of the refrigerator are in good agreement with the simulation results after matching. For the matched linear refrigerator, the cooling temperature is 80 K, The average motor efficiency is 81.5% and the refrigeration efficiency is 17.2%. For the matched coaxial chiller, the average motor efficiency reaches 83% when the cooling temperature is 60 K, and the refrigeration efficiency reaches 9.6%. (6). The optimization design and Experiment Research on the two stage simultaneous cold pulse tube refrigerator are carried out. The key components and operating conditions are studied for the two stage cold. The effect of refrigeration performance and the PV work distribution at the entrance of each stage of cold finger is discussed. In addition, the linear compressor is optimized by matching theory and the efficiency of the motor is reached to the 82%. two stage pulse tube refrigerator after matching the two stage cold finger. The results show that at the input power of 300 W, the two level can simultaneously obtain 2.5 W@85 K and 0.64 W@30 K, which is verified. The correctness of the PV power distribution and the cold load distribution analysis between the two grade cold fingers.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)科學(xué)院研究生院(上海技術(shù)物理研究所)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：TB651
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本文編號(hào)：2105266