本文選題：流化冰制取 + 余熱利用　； 參考：《天津大學》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著經(jīng)濟和社會不斷地發(fā)展,人們生活水平在不斷地提高,人們對食物的多樣性和健康性的需求日益增長,進而不可避免地對自然資源的需求量不斷加大。當今社會,石油、天然氣、煤炭等化石能源正在被過度地開采而不斷減少;空氣、水資源污染,溫室效應以及臭氧層破壞等環(huán)境問題亟待解決;這一切似乎與人口增長和人類對高品質(zhì)生活的需求是一對不可化解的矛盾。因此,世界各國及各行各業(yè)紛紛加大了對節(jié)能減排技術的研究與探索。在此背景下,本文從水產(chǎn)品制冷保鮮出發(fā),闡述了流化冰在水產(chǎn)品保鮮方面的優(yōu)勢,實驗研究了刮片式制冰機的制冰特性,并且以遠洋漁船為例,創(chuàng)新性的將船舶余熱利用與提高制冰效率及海水淡化相結合,實現(xiàn)了跨領域的整體性的能量節(jié)約。本文首先介紹了流化冰在水產(chǎn)品冷藏保鮮領域相比于傳統(tǒng)冷凍冷藏工藝的優(yōu)勢,并著重介紹了刮片式流化冰制冰機的特性。然后,利用現(xiàn)有的刮片式制冰機,以不同濃度(2~10wt%)的鹽溶液和不同濃度(5~20wt%)的乙二醇溶液為制取液,分別測試了700L/h和1400L/h流量時溶液的溫度變化曲線,得到兩種溶液的規(guī)律大致相同,即潛熱放熱階段為非相平衡狀態(tài),各濃度溶液的最終溫度與其相對應的凝固點相差不大,且稍微偏低。兩種循環(huán)流量時的顯熱放熱階段溫度下降的速率不同,但最終含冰率相同。溶液的濃度越高,制冷量越小,制冷效率越低等,從而得出在冰蓄冷空調(diào)中應盡量使用低濃度乙二醇溶液制冰,而在魚類保鮮中使用固定濃度的海水或盡量低濃度的鹽水,為制冰機的實際應用和進一步改進打下了基礎。再者,以遠洋漁船為背景,將船舶柴油機的余熱利用與流化冰制取及海水淡化相結合,創(chuàng)新性地設計并計算了以柴油機的煙氣余熱和冷卻水余熱為發(fā)生熱,噴射式制冷與流化冰制冰兩者相結合的復疊式制冷循環(huán)系統(tǒng)。該系統(tǒng)的總制冷功率可以達到2021.5 kW,相對常規(guī)制冰系統(tǒng)所減少的能耗功率為142.78 kW。占船舶上輔助柴油機能耗的15.86%,每年節(jié)省燃油費用70余萬元。并且將船舶原有的反滲透海水淡化系統(tǒng)與流化冰的使用相結合,用保鮮的廢冰廢水代替部分常規(guī)海水,全年節(jié)能12177.13 kW/h,降低能耗達到87%。從而實現(xiàn)了余熱的利用和制冰效率提高及降低海水淡化能耗的三重效果。總之,本文闡述了流化冰在海鮮保鮮的優(yōu)勢,并結合實際遠洋漁船的余熱利用與海水淡化的需求,創(chuàng)新性地設計了復疊式循環(huán)制冰系統(tǒng),使得漁船的能源消耗大幅地降低。
[Abstract]:With the development of economy and society, people's living standard is improving constantly, and the demand for diversity and health of food is increasing day by day, and then the demand for natural resources will inevitably increase. Nowadays, fossil energy, such as oil, natural gas, coal and so on, are being over-exploited, and environmental problems such as air, water pollution, Greenhouse Effect and ozone layer destruction are urgently needed to be solved. All this seems to be an insoluble contradiction with population growth and human demand for a high quality of life. Therefore, countries and industries in the world have increased the research and exploration of energy saving and emission reduction technology. Under this background, this paper expounds the advantages of fluidized ice in keeping aquatic products fresh from the point of view of refrigeration and preservation of aquatic products, studies the ice making characteristics of scraper ice making machine, and takes ocean-going fishing boats as an example. Combining the utilization of ship residual heat with the improvement of ice making efficiency and seawater desalination, the energy saving of cross-domain integrity is realized. In this paper, the advantages of fluidized ice in the field of aquatic product refrigeration and preservation are introduced firstly, and the characteristics of scraper fluidized ice making machine are emphatically introduced. Then, using the existing scraper ice making machine, the temperature change curves of the solution at the flow rate of 700L / h and 1400L / h were measured with salt solution of different concentration (210wt%) and ethylene glycol solution with different concentration (50.20wt%), respectively, and the law of the two solutions was approximately the same. That is, the latent heat exothermic stage is non-phase equilibrium state, and the final temperature of each concentration solution has little difference with its corresponding freezing point, and is slightly lower. The rate of temperature decreasing in the sensible heat release stage is different between the two cycles, but the ice content is the same in the end. The higher the concentration of the solution, the smaller the refrigerating capacity and the lower the refrigeration efficiency. It is concluded that the low concentration ethylene glycol solution should be used as far as possible to make ice in the ice storage air conditioning, and the fixed concentration of seawater or the lowest concentration of salt water should be used in the preservation of fish. It lays a foundation for the practical application and further improvement of ice-making machine. Furthermore, taking ocean-going fishing boats as the background, combining the residual heat utilization of marine diesel engine with fluidized ice production and seawater desalination, this paper creatively designs and calculates the residual heat of diesel engine smoke and cooling water as the heat of occurrence. A cascade refrigeration cycle system which combines jet refrigeration and fluidized ice making. The total cooling power of the system can reach 2021.5 kW, compared with the conventional ice-making system, the reduced energy consumption power is 142.78 kW. It accounts for 15.86% of the energy consumption of auxiliary diesel engines on board ships and saves more than 700,000 yuan in fuel costs every year. The original reverse osmosis seawater desalination system is combined with the use of fluidized ice to replace some conventional seawater with fresh waste ice wastewater, which saves energy by 12177.13 kW / h and reduces energy consumption by 87kW / h in the whole year. Thus, the utilization of waste heat and the efficiency of ice making are improved and the energy consumption of seawater desalination is reduced. In a word, this paper expounds the advantage of fluidized ice in keeping fresh seafood, combined with the utilization of waste heat of actual ocean-going fishing vessel and the demand of desalination of seawater, and creatively designs the repeated cycle ice making system, which makes the energy consumption of fishing vessel reduce greatly.
【學位授予單位】：天津大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TK115;TB657.1

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本文編號：2094788