本文選題：環(huán)形自由面 + 巖石爆破��； 參考：《中國科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著中國經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)的快速推進(jìn),城市地表高樓林立,地下各種交通軌道縱橫穿越,人們對爆破技術(shù)的要求越來越高,要想在城市地下或周邊進(jìn)行爆破作業(yè),其爆破方案及方法常常需要得到各界專家的仔細(xì)討論與論證,且爆破過程經(jīng)常受到各種嚴(yán)格、苛刻的限制。即便如此,還是有許多人談爆色變,拒絕采用爆破方法施工。因?yàn)閭鹘y(tǒng)爆破方法極易對周邊環(huán)境帶來影響,在爆破作業(yè)工程中,建筑物受到振動的作用,可能引發(fā)建筑結(jié)構(gòu)性和非結(jié)構(gòu)性破壞,甚至帶來次生災(zāi)害。然而,盡管機(jī)械作業(yè)在城市建設(shè)中迅猛發(fā)展,但鉆爆施工依然是隧道掘進(jìn),基坑開挖(尤其是在硬巖的條件下)最主要的方法之一。如何運(yùn)用好爆破技術(shù),使其成為促進(jìn)人類文明發(fā)展的利器,已成為無數(shù)爆破專家的奮斗目標(biāo)。近年來,人造金剛石成本大幅下降,給鉆頭行業(yè)帶來了一場革命,一方面大大改善了鉆頭的各種性能,另一方面降低了金剛石鉆頭的生產(chǎn)成本,加快了施工速度。由此,取巖芯鉆頭(俗稱水鉆)得到了很好的發(fā)展,使得本文所提的環(huán)形自由面巖石爆破法得以實(shí)現(xiàn)與推廣。環(huán)形自由面巖石爆破法是借助空心鉆頭在巖石表面打出環(huán)形自由面,形成巖芯,根據(jù)空心鉆頭所形成巖芯的大小在該巖芯中心打上一個(gè)或多個(gè)炮孔,爆破后破碎并拋出巖芯,從而完成大空腔巖石爆破過程。該方法可提高巖石爆破的效率,改善爆破質(zhì)量,降低炸藥單耗,提高炸藥能量利用率,減少爆破振動與爆破能量,對周邊環(huán)境起到很好的保護(hù)作用。本文對環(huán)形自由面巖石爆破技術(shù)的作用機(jī)理、效果及振動信號分析進(jìn)行了深入探討,數(shù)值模擬與試驗(yàn)結(jié)果良好吻合,主要研究內(nèi)容如下:通過文獻(xiàn)調(diào)研,了解傳統(tǒng)爆破工程存在的問題以及自由面對爆破效果的影響,得出自由面的存在可以提高巖石爆破效率,減少炸藥單耗,降低爆破振動,并有效保護(hù)周邊環(huán)境。結(jié)合空心鉆頭的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀,由此采用環(huán)形自由面巖石爆破技術(shù)進(jìn)行巖石爆破數(shù)值模擬與鋼管約束模型實(shí)驗(yàn)。從理論上推導(dǎo)出巖芯爆破極限半徑尺寸之后,又進(jìn)行了無約束模型實(shí)驗(yàn),同時(shí),采用HHT方法對實(shí)驗(yàn)中測得的爆破振動信號進(jìn)行分析,得出環(huán)形自由面巖石爆破可以降低爆破振動與爆破能量,提高炸藥能量利用率,具有重要的應(yīng)用價(jià)值。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of China's economic construction, the city surface is full of tall buildings, and all kinds of underground traffic tracks are traversed longitudinally and horizontally. People have higher and higher requirements for blasting technology. If we want to carry out blasting operations underground or around the city, The blasting schemes and methods often need to be discussed and demonstrated by experts from all walks of life, and the blasting process is often subject to various strict and harsh restrictions. Even so, there are still many people talking about the color of the explosion, refused to use the blasting method of construction. Because the traditional blasting method is easy to affect the surrounding environment, the vibration of buildings may cause structural and non-structural damage, and even bring secondary disasters. However, in spite of the rapid development of mechanical work in urban construction, drilling and blasting construction is still one of the most important methods for tunneling and foundation pit excavation (especially in hard rock conditions). How to make good use of blasting technology to promote the development of human civilization has become the goal of numerous blasting experts. In recent years, the cost of artificial diamond has been greatly reduced, which has brought a revolution to the drill bit industry. On the one hand, it has greatly improved the performance of the bit, on the other hand, it has reduced the production cost of the diamond bit and accelerated the construction speed. Thus, the core bit (commonly known as water drill) has been well developed, and the ring free surface rock blasting method proposed in this paper has been realized and popularized. The method of rock blasting with annular free surface is to form a core by shooting a ring free surface on a rock surface with a hollow bit. According to the size of the core formed by the hollow bit, one or more holes are made in the center of the core, and the core is broken and thrown out after blasting. Thus, the blasting process of rock with large cavity is completed. This method can improve the efficiency of rock blasting, improve the quality of blasting, reduce the unit consumption of explosives, increase the utilization ratio of explosive energy, reduce the blasting vibration and blasting energy, and play a good role in protecting the surrounding environment. In this paper, the mechanism, effect and vibration signal analysis of annular free surface rock blasting technology are deeply discussed. The numerical simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental results. The main research contents are as follows: through literature research, The problems existing in the traditional blasting engineering and the influence of the free face on the blasting effect are understood. It is concluded that the existence of the free surface can improve the rock blasting efficiency, reduce the explosive unit consumption, reduce the blasting vibration, and effectively protect the surrounding environment. Combined with the development of hollow bit, the numerical simulation of rock blasting and the experiment of steel pipe constraint model are carried out by using the technique of ring free surface rock blasting. After deducing the limit radius size of core blasting theoretically, the unconstrained model experiment is carried out. At the same time, HHT method is used to analyze the blasting vibration signal measured in the experiment. It is concluded that the blasting of ring free surface rock can reduce the blasting vibration and blasting energy, and improve the energy utilization ratio of explosives, which has important application value.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TU751.9

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