本文選題：鋁基合金支座 + 力學(xué)性能��； 參考：《西南交通大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來(lái),現(xiàn)代隔震技術(shù)已在全世界飛速發(fā)展,橡膠支座普遍應(yīng)用于建筑結(jié)構(gòu)和橋梁結(jié)構(gòu)當(dāng)中。橡膠支座能有效的吸收振動(dòng)帶來(lái)的能量,橡膠支座的研制和開發(fā)已受到全世界廣泛的關(guān)注,但是由于橡膠材料阻尼較小,變形過大后難以復(fù)位,需要配合阻尼器共同使用,而鉛芯橡膠支座雖然具有良好的隔震能力,但同時(shí)也是由于鉛芯的存在使得支座的自恢復(fù)能力降低,并且鉛芯的大量使用也會(huì)對(duì)自然環(huán)境造成嚴(yán)重的重金屬污染。據(jù)研究發(fā)現(xiàn),鋅鋁合金具有低的屈服應(yīng)力、高的延展性和不易加工硬化的特性,是一種非常有潛力的耗能材料,但是,目前國(guó)內(nèi)對(duì)鋁基合金的力學(xué)性能以及減振性能的研究不多,特別是應(yīng)用到實(shí)際結(jié)構(gòu)中進(jìn)行抗震的研究更少。本文根據(jù)鋁基合金減振支座的特點(diǎn),嘗試將其應(yīng)用于橋梁結(jié)構(gòu)領(lǐng)域。論文首先對(duì)支座的力學(xué)模型進(jìn)行了分析,然后通過有限元軟件模擬對(duì)支座的力學(xué)性能和減振性能進(jìn)行了數(shù)值分析和試驗(yàn)研究,最后將支座應(yīng)用于橋梁結(jié)構(gòu)中并分析其隔振效果,論文的主要研究方向和成果如下:(1)綜述了減振與隔振結(jié)構(gòu)體系的研究現(xiàn)狀,主要包括減振與隔振結(jié)構(gòu)的工作原理以及支座種類等,總結(jié)了國(guó)內(nèi)外關(guān)于橡膠、合金支座在結(jié)構(gòu)減振與隔振以及振動(dòng)控制領(lǐng)域的研究進(jìn)展和應(yīng)用情況。根據(jù)合金的材性選擇支座的力學(xué)模型,并給出模型參數(shù)的計(jì)算方法,其中重點(diǎn)介紹了本文所采用的鋅鋁合金材料的力學(xué)性能研究現(xiàn)狀。(2)采用ANSYS有限元分析軟件,模擬了幾種鋁基合金支座在不同載荷工況下的應(yīng)力—應(yīng)變關(guān)系,研究了支座受到剪切位移以及豎向壓力共同作用下的剛度變化,建立了多組不同形狀系數(shù)的鋅鋁合金支座,對(duì)他們進(jìn)行低頻段范圍的定頻激振模擬實(shí)驗(yàn)。結(jié)果表明,第一形狀系數(shù)的增大能夠提高支座的減振性能,同樣的,第二形狀系數(shù)的減小也能提高支座的減振性能。(3)設(shè)計(jì)激振試驗(yàn),分析不同厚度的鋅鋁合金支座在低頻段正弦載荷激振作用下的力傳遞率和加速度振級(jí)落差,并分析了支座在自身低階固有頻率正弦載荷激振作用下的減振性能,同時(shí)進(jìn)行了激光掃頻試驗(yàn)測(cè)試合金材料的阻尼比系數(shù)。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,鋅鋁合金支座在1～25Hz激振頻段的減振率在30%左右,且隨著支座厚度的增加,支座減振率也呈上升趨勢(shì),鋅鋁合金材料的阻尼比系數(shù)為0.2左右。(4)將鋅鋁合金支座應(yīng)用于橋梁結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行隔震研究,考慮對(duì)比隔震與非隔震結(jié)構(gòu)的地震響應(yīng)特征,分析了兩種工況下橋梁結(jié)構(gòu)不同位置的加速度變化。結(jié)果顯示將鋅鋁合金支座安裝到橋梁結(jié)構(gòu)中能有效延長(zhǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)的自振周期,能顯著改變橋梁結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)力特性,有很好的隔震效果。
[Abstract]:In recent years, modern isolation technology has developed rapidly all over the world. Rubber bearings are widely used in building structures and bridge structures. Rubber bearings can absorb the energy brought by vibration effectively. The research and development of rubber bearings have been paid more and more attention all over the world. However, due to the small damping of rubber materials, it is difficult to reset after the deformation is too large, so it is necessary to cooperate with dampers to use them together. Although lead-rubber bearing has good isolation ability, but also because of the existence of lead core, the self-recovery ability of the bearing is reduced, and the extensive use of lead core will also cause serious heavy metal pollution to the natural environment. It has been found that Zn-Al alloy is a potential energy-consuming material with low yield stress, high ductility and hard to work hardening. At present, there are few researches on the mechanical properties and vibration absorption properties of aluminum-base alloys, especially in the practical structures. According to the characteristics of aluminum base alloy bearing, this paper tries to apply it to the field of bridge structure. Firstly, the mechanical model of the bearing is analyzed, and then the mechanical performance and vibration absorption performance of the bearing are numerically analyzed and tested by the finite element software. Finally, the bearing is applied to the bridge structure and its vibration isolation effect is analyzed. The main research directions and results are as follows: (1) the research status of vibration absorption and vibration isolation structure system is summarized, including the working principle of vibration absorption and vibration isolation structure and the type of bearing, and so on, and the rubber at home and abroad is summarized. Research progress and application of alloy bearing in structure vibration absorption and vibration isolation and vibration control. According to the material properties of the alloy, the mechanical model of the bearing is selected, and the calculation method of the model parameters is given. The research status of the mechanical properties of the zinc-aluminum alloy material used in this paper is emphatically introduced. The ANSYS finite element analysis software is used. The stress-strain relationship of several Al-base alloy supports under different load conditions is simulated. The stiffness changes of the bearing subjected to shear displacement and vertical pressure are studied, and several groups of Zn-Al alloy bearing with different shape coefficients are established. They were simulated with constant frequency excitation in low frequency range. The results show that the increase of the first shape coefficient can improve the vibration absorption performance of the bearing. Similarly, the decrease of the second shape coefficient can also improve the vibration absorption performance of the bearing. This paper analyzes the force transfer rate and the difference of acceleration vibration level of Zn-Al alloy bearing with different thickness under the action of sinusoidal load in low frequency band, and analyzes the vibration absorption performance of the bearing under the action of its own low natural frequency sinusoidal load. At the same time, the damping ratio coefficient of the alloy was tested by laser scanning frequency test. The results show that the damping rate of Zn-Al alloy bearing is about 30% in the 1~25Hz frequency band, and the damping rate of the bearing increases with the increase of the thickness of the bearing. The damping ratio coefficient of Zn-Al alloy material is about 0.2.) the Zn-Al alloy bearing is applied to the isolation study of bridge structure, and the seismic response characteristics of the isolated and non-isolated structures are considered. The acceleration variation of bridge structure at different positions under two working conditions is analyzed. The results show that the Zn-Al alloy bearing can effectively prolong the natural vibration period of the bridge structure, can significantly change the dynamic characteristics of the bridge structure, and has a good isolation effect.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TB535

【相似文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 周漢林;曾華;;裝配式預(yù)應(yīng)力砼連續(xù)箱梁支座病害分析[J];現(xiàn)代交通技術(shù);2007年05期

2 郭利;張長(zhǎng)龍;;橋梁支座安裝常見質(zhì)量問題淺析[J];山西建筑;2008年33期

3 阮文良;姚愛娜;;杭州灣跨海大橋預(yù)制墩身支座的施工技術(shù)[J];公路;2009年04期

4 鄔剛?cè)?萬(wàn)虹宇;;山區(qū)高速公路梁橋支座設(shè)置研究[J];重慶科技學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào)(自然科學(xué)版);2012年06期

5 姚偉立;懸掛式支座安裝尺寸計(jì)算用表[J];化工裝備技術(shù);1988年06期

6 張永宏;顧德亞;周軍;;橋梁板式支座設(shè)計(jì)與更換[J];公路交通科技(應(yīng)用技術(shù)版);2009年10期

7 吳凡;井朝飛;;連續(xù)梁支座調(diào)整方案[J];黑龍江科技信息;2014年02期

8 薛曉鋒,胡兆同,劉健新;功能分離式橋梁減震支座[J];長(zhǎng)安大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(自然科學(xué)版);2005年01期

9 毛利炎;祝世清;柴俏良;;橋梁支座安裝常見質(zhì)量問題淺析[J];福建建材;2008年03期

10 吳成亮;仝強(qiáng);高峰利;;一種新型單向滑動(dòng)球型支座性能與試驗(yàn)研究[J];鐵道標(biāo)準(zhǔn)設(shè)計(jì);2009年03期

相關(guān)會(huì)議論文 前7條

1 黃文機(jī);;多支座預(yù)應(yīng)力混凝土連續(xù)梁橋[A];第五屆后張預(yù)應(yīng)力混凝土學(xué)術(shù)交流會(huì)論文集[C];1997年

2 趙旭清;;客運(yùn)專線調(diào)高支座結(jié)構(gòu)形式與安裝工藝的研究[A];鐵路客運(yùn)專線建設(shè)技術(shù)交流會(huì)論文集[C];2005年

3 穆祥純;;球型支座在北京城市立交橋中的應(yīng)用[A];全國(guó)橋梁結(jié)構(gòu)學(xué)術(shù)大會(huì)論文集（上冊(cè)）[C];1992年

4 莊軍生;張士臣;;球型支座的試驗(yàn)研究[A];混凝土及預(yù)應(yīng)力混凝土論文集[C];1990年

5 張俊儉;孫日升;萬(wàn)秀晶;;大秦線黎河特大橋支座病害原因分析和整治措施[A];高速重載與普通鐵路橋隧運(yùn)營(yíng)管理與檢測(cè)修理技術(shù)論文集（上冊(cè)）[C];2010年

6 郎義勇;李志勇;馬曉;;某工程塔吊附著支座構(gòu)造形式及安裝方法[A];河南省建筑業(yè)行業(yè)優(yōu)秀論文集(2009)[C];2009年

7 劉冬安;陳宇帆;;某核電廠壓力容器支座“流-固”耦合分析[A];第十七屆全國(guó)反應(yīng)堆結(jié)構(gòu)力學(xué)會(huì)議論文集[C];2012年

相關(guān)重要報(bào)紙文章 前1條

1 通訊員 鄧?yán)悺↓R鳳江;七項(xiàng)創(chuàng)新鑄精品[N];中國(guó)鐵道建筑報(bào);2010年

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 李軍;超大噸位球型支座的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)[D];重慶大學(xué);2006年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前9條

1 陶俊;支座失效對(duì)橋梁結(jié)構(gòu)的影響及失效標(biāo)準(zhǔn)研究[D];長(zhǎng)安大學(xué);2015年

2 徐數(shù);坡橋橋墩偏位成因與解決措施研究[D];重慶交通大學(xué);2015年

3 韓星浩;變壓排料桶耳式支座的應(yīng)力分析及結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化[D];華東理工大學(xué);2016年

4 劉強(qiáng);橋梁智能支座受力監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)研究與設(shè)計(jì)[D];山東大學(xué);2016年

5 張銳;鋁基合金支座的減振性能及其應(yīng)用研究[D];西南交通大學(xué);2017年

6 劉昕銘;摩擦擺支座動(dòng)態(tài)性能研究[D];西南交通大學(xué);2011年

7 王廣;簡(jiǎn)支梁橋中新型鋼阻尼支座的減隔震效應(yīng)研究[D];武漢理工大學(xué);2013年

8 朱正浩;空間網(wǎng)架結(jié)構(gòu)新型支座節(jié)點(diǎn)的理論及試驗(yàn)研究[D];河南大學(xué);2015年

9 程杰;無(wú)支座連續(xù)剛構(gòu)軌道結(jié)構(gòu)受力分析及溫度跨度研究[D];北京交通大學(xué);2015年

，

本文編號(hào)：1923980