本文選題：子陣 + 波束形成��； 參考：《哈爾濱工程大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：在水聲信號處理中,常用到波束形成技術(shù),特別是多波束技術(shù)。一個基陣,如何在預(yù)期方向得到期望信號,是基陣系統(tǒng)形成波束和多波束的目的所在。一般可以從兩個角度理解,對于發(fā)射,在某一方位集中能量,這樣一來,同樣發(fā)射功率的聲納系統(tǒng),就會得到相對好的遠(yuǎn)距離效果。對于接收,能更好的確定目標(biāo)。在接收方面,如果目標(biāo)不止一個,并且可能目標(biāo)特指某方向,多波束是很好的選擇。對常規(guī)的單一波束,聲納的接收和發(fā)射過程只能利用到單一的覆蓋范圍。而多波束聲納系統(tǒng)預(yù)成多波束,同時覆蓋一個較大的扇面。在水聲領(lǐng)域一般采用多波束形成技術(shù)。論文研究內(nèi)容如下:首先,論文討論了陣列信號處理以及波束形成技術(shù)研究的背景和意義、國內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀、波束形成分類、基礎(chǔ)陣列模型等知識。對論文需要的波束形成方法以及加權(quán)方式等基礎(chǔ)知識進(jìn)行了闡述。其次,本文先后介紹了均勻不重疊陣、均勻重疊陣和不均勻不重疊陣的研究及仿真工作。在了解掌握子陣劃分影響波束形成的前提下,關(guān)于子陣重疊度對子陣多波束形成性能的影響進(jìn)行了討論。然后,論文研究了基于子陣的數(shù)字多波束形成技術(shù),完成基于子陣的分別加權(quán)多波束和FFT多波束形成研究的工作。在均勻線陣和均勻面陣情況下對分別加權(quán)多波束方法做了重點研究和仿真分析。針對研究仿真結(jié)果提出了面臨的問題和阻礙。最后,針對前面遇到的問題,分析了利用遺傳算法尋找陣列的模擬權(quán)和數(shù)字權(quán)的方法的優(yōu)點。通過遺傳算法優(yōu)化得到每個權(quán)系數(shù)來壓制主瓣內(nèi)的柵瓣,提高多波束性能。由于傳統(tǒng)遺傳算法計算過程中易早熟、不穩(wěn)定,研究了一種小生境遺傳算法來改進(jìn)傳統(tǒng)遺傳算法計算上易陷入局部循環(huán)的不足,改進(jìn)波束性能方面這種方法應(yīng)用到子陣多波束領(lǐng)域可以更具針對性�？梢詫γ總�波束產(chǎn)生的柵瓣進(jìn)行抑制,并能克服計算上的早熟現(xiàn)象。小生境遺傳算法的使用對優(yōu)化子陣多波束形成性能提出了一種新的理念,是傳統(tǒng)遺傳算法的延伸和擴(kuò)展。
[Abstract]:In underwater acoustic signal processing, it is often used in beamforming technology, especially the multi beam technology. A matrix, how to get the desired signal in the expected direction is the purpose of forming the beam and multi beam in the array system. In general, it can be understood from two angles, the energy is concentrated in a certain direction, so that the same transmit power sound. The nanar system will get a relatively good distance effect. For receiving, it can better determine the target. In receiving, if the target is more than one, and the possible target is in a certain direction, the multi beam is a good choice. For the conventional single beam, the reception and transmission of sonar can only be used in a single coverage range. Multiple beams are preformed and a large fan is covered at the same time. The multi beam forming technology is generally used in the field of underwater acoustics. The contents of this paper are as follows: first, the background and significance of the research on array signal processing and beamforming technology are discussed, the status of research at home and abroad, the classification of beamforming, the basic array model and so on. The basic knowledge of beam forming and weighting is described in this paper. Secondly, the research and Simulation of uniform nonoverlapping array, uniform overlapping array and nonuniform nonoverlapping array are introduced successively. On the premise of understanding and mastering the influence beam formation of subarray division, the performance of subarray multi beam forming performance on subarray overlap degree is discussed. The influence is discussed. Then, the paper studies the digital multi beam forming technology based on subarray, and completes the work of the study of the separate weighted multi beam and FFT multi beam forming based on the subarray. In the case of uniform linear array and uniform surface array, we do the key research and simulation analysis of the respectively weighted multi beam method. In the end, in view of the problems encountered, the advantages of using genetic algorithm to find the analog and digital weights of the array are analyzed. Each weight coefficient is optimized by genetic algorithm to suppress the gate flap in the main lobe and improve the performance of the multi beam. A niche genetic algorithm is studied to improve the shortcomings of the traditional genetic algorithm, which is easy to fall into the local cycle. In improving the beam performance, this method can be more targeted in the subarray multi beam field. It can suppress the gate flap generated by each beam and overcome the precocious phenomenon in the calculation. The use of the method puts forward a new idea to optimize the performance of sub array multi beam forming, which is the extension and extension of traditional genetic algorithm.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工程大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TP18;TB56

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