發(fā)布時間：2018-05-01 15:13

  本文選題：無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡 + 能量收集器��； 參考：《浙江工業(yè)大學》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡的發(fā)展,其能源的持續(xù)供應成為亟需解決的問題�？紤]到振動能在人們生產(chǎn)生活中廣泛存在,例如機器運行、車輛行駛、地震甚至微弱的聲音波動都可以提供振動能,因此科研人員已經(jīng)研發(fā)了一些通過拾取振動能轉(zhuǎn)換為電能為大量微型電子設備提供電能的能量收集器件。其中由壓電材料制作的微型壓電能量收集器因其無需外界電源、較高的機電耦合性能和功率密度大等特性而得到廣泛應用。另一方面,利用壓電材料發(fā)電提供能源還可緩解大量廢舊電池所造成的環(huán)境污染。 應用于無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡供電的壓電式能量收集器,要求結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸較小,往往采用MEMS(Micro-Electro-Mechanical System)工藝制作成微型壓電式能量收集器。傳統(tǒng)的微型直壓電懸臂梁能量收集器,其固有振動頻率通常達到上千赫茲,難以與環(huán)境中的低頻振動源形成共振,導致輸出功率一般只有微瓦量級,無法保證無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡節(jié)點正常工作所需的功率。鑒于此,本文進行了微型壓電式能量收集器的結(jié)構(gòu)設計和優(yōu)化,以降低其固有頻率并提高輸出電壓和功率。 本文從理論分析和有限元仿真兩個角度之字形壓電懸臂梁的發(fā)電能力進行了研究,具體內(nèi)容包括：(1)建立了之字形壓電懸臂能量收集器的振動數(shù)學模型,從固有頻率、輸出電壓幅值和功率兩大方面對比幾何參數(shù)對之字形懸臂梁發(fā)電性能研究；(2)采用有限元軟件ANSYS建立之字形壓電懸臂梁的有限元模型,并對其進行靜力分析、模態(tài)分析和諧響應分析,獲得之字形壓電懸臂梁的固有頻率、電壓等隨結(jié)構(gòu)、尺寸的變化規(guī)律,為壓電能量收集器的優(yōu)化設計奠定基礎。仿真結(jié)果表明,梁的厚度增加,其固有頻率升高；質(zhì)量塊的長和厚的增加,組成之字形梁的單根梁長度和寬度的增加以及組成之字形結(jié)構(gòu)的梁根數(shù)增加都會導致固有頻率的降低。由10根直臂梁構(gòu)成的之字形結(jié)構(gòu)的一階固有振動頻率僅為142Hz,滿足與低頻環(huán)境振動的條件。通過諧響應分析,比較獲得了輸出電壓及功率與結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸、組成梁的數(shù)目、負載電阻值的關系。當由十根梁組成之字形梁時,其產(chǎn)生的電壓可以達到10-20V范圍；最佳負載電阻為200KΩ,此時輸出功率能達到1.66mW,經(jīng)整流與存儲有望為間斷性工作的微型傳感器節(jié)點提供電能。
[Abstract]:With the development of wireless sensor networks (WSN), the sustainable energy supply becomes an urgent problem. Considering that vibration can be widespread in people's production and life, such as the movement of machines, driving of vehicles, earthquakes and even weak sound fluctuations, can provide vibration energy, As a result, researchers have developed energy collection devices that convert vibration energy into electricity for a large number of micro electronic devices. The miniature piezoelectric energy collector made of piezoelectric materials has been widely used because of its high electromechanical coupling performance and high power density without external power supply. On the other hand, the use of piezoelectric materials to provide energy can also alleviate the environmental pollution caused by a large number of waste batteries. Piezoelectric energy collector, which is used in wireless sensor network power supply, requires a small size of structure, and is often made into a miniature piezoelectric energy collector using MEMS(Micro-Electro-Mechanical system technology. The traditional miniature piezoelectric cantilever beam energy collector usually has a natural vibration frequency of thousands hertz, which is difficult to resonate with the low frequency vibration source in the environment, resulting in the output power generally of only the order of microwatt. Wireless sensor network nodes can not guarantee the normal operation of the required power. In view of this, the structure design and optimization of the miniature piezoelectric energy collector are carried out in order to reduce its natural frequency and increase the output voltage and power. In this paper, the generation capacity of zigzag piezoelectric cantilever beam from two angles of theoretical analysis and finite element simulation is studied. The specific contents include: 1) the vibration mathematical model of the zigzag piezoelectric cantilever energy collector is established from the natural frequency. Comparison of output Voltage amplitude and Power with geometric parameters; A finite element model of a zigzag cantilever beam is established by using finite element software ANSYS, and the static analysis is carried out on the model of the zigzag cantilever beam by means of the finite element software ANSYS, and the finite element model of the zigzag cantilever beam is established by the finite element software ANSYS. Modal analysis of harmonic response analysis, obtained zigzag piezoelectric cantilever beam natural frequency, voltage and other changes with the structure, the size of the law, for the piezoelectric energy collector for the optimization of the design of the foundation. The simulation results show that the thickness of beam increases and the natural frequency of beam increases, and the length and thickness of mass block increase. The increase of the length and width of a single beam and the increase of the number of beams in a zigzag structure will result in the decrease of natural frequency. The first order natural vibration frequency of the zigzag structure composed of 10 straight arm beams is only 142 Hz, which satisfies the condition of low frequency ambient vibration. By harmonic response analysis, the relationship between output voltage and power and structure size, the number of beams and the value of load resistance are obtained. When the zigzag beam is composed of ten beams, the voltage can reach 10-20V, the optimum load resistance is 200K 惟, and the output power can reach 1.66mW. The rectifier and memory are expected to provide electrical energy for the micro-sensor nodes which work intermittently.
【學位授予單位】：浙江工業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TB535;TM619

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本文編號：1829906