本文選題：冰激振動(dòng) + 導(dǎo)管架平臺(tái)��； 參考：《大連理工大學(xué)》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：海冰與窄體海洋結(jié)構(gòu)(如冰區(qū)的導(dǎo)管架平臺(tái)、自升式鉆井平臺(tái)、橋墩、風(fēng)電基礎(chǔ)、燈塔等)作用會(huì)形成交變性的動(dòng)冰荷載,并在一定條件下引發(fā)嚴(yán)重的冰激結(jié)構(gòu)振動(dòng)。對(duì)于導(dǎo)管架石油平臺(tái),冰激振動(dòng)可以導(dǎo)致導(dǎo)管架的結(jié)構(gòu)疲勞破壞,平臺(tái)甲板上部管線及設(shè)施的破壞,以及平臺(tái)工作人員的不適。目前,動(dòng)冰荷載的形成機(jī)理仍是學(xué)術(shù)界討論的課題,柔性窄體抗冰結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范尚不成熟。為滿足冰區(qū)抗冰平臺(tái)的設(shè)計(jì)需求,保障我國(guó)渤海冰區(qū)導(dǎo)管架平臺(tái)的安全運(yùn)行,有必要對(duì)冰激窄體結(jié)構(gòu)振動(dòng)的機(jī)理與理論模型展開(kāi)深入的研究工作。 本文基于渤海導(dǎo)管架平臺(tái)動(dòng)冰力原型測(cè)量以及室內(nèi)模型實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)分析,對(duì)直立導(dǎo)管架平臺(tái)冰激振動(dòng)過(guò)程中海冰破碎的過(guò)程與機(jī)理進(jìn)行了深入的分析,對(duì)自升式鉆井平臺(tái)樁腿上的齒條對(duì)冰荷載的影響進(jìn)行了研究并提出了渤海自升式鉆井平臺(tái)帶齒條樁腿擠壓動(dòng)冰力譜模型,對(duì)錐體導(dǎo)管架平臺(tái)冰激振動(dòng)問(wèn)題構(gòu)造了無(wú)量綱參數(shù),明確了各物理量之間的內(nèi)在關(guān)系,并在此基礎(chǔ)上建立了針對(duì)設(shè)計(jì)籌建階段中的渤海錐體導(dǎo)管架平臺(tái)的冰激振動(dòng)預(yù)報(bào)模型。 本文主要研究工作如下： (1)基于對(duì)直立導(dǎo)管架平臺(tái)動(dòng)冰力原型測(cè)量數(shù)據(jù)的分析,證明了基于海冰擠壓非同時(shí)破碎理論的“低值冰力”公式不適用于直立柔性窄體結(jié)構(gòu),并通過(guò)對(duì)海冰擠壓破碎過(guò)程的分析,給出了直立結(jié)構(gòu)上海冰發(fā)生擠壓同時(shí)破碎的關(guān)鍵機(jī)理,即結(jié)構(gòu)與冰板之間的“全接觸”。 (2)基于對(duì)冰與結(jié)構(gòu)相互作用過(guò)程中近場(chǎng)海冰破碎行為的分析,對(duì)直立柔性窄體結(jié)構(gòu)冰致自激振動(dòng)的機(jī)理進(jìn)行了進(jìn)一步的研究,闡明了海冰與結(jié)構(gòu)相互作用過(guò)程中結(jié)構(gòu)回?cái)[冰力隨即卸載的機(jī)理：在結(jié)構(gòu)回?cái)[的瞬間,冰板內(nèi)的翼型裂紋擴(kuò)展至相互貫通,冰板破碎,導(dǎo)致冰力隨即卸載。 (3)對(duì)冰板作用于正倒錐交界處問(wèn)題,通過(guò)對(duì)冰板內(nèi)應(yīng)力場(chǎng)的分析,給出了作用于正倒錐交界處冰板的破碎機(jī)理,即冰板內(nèi)裂紋在拉應(yīng)力與剪應(yīng)力的共同作用下發(fā)生擴(kuò)展,導(dǎo)致冰板向上或下表面的剝落破碎以及后續(xù)的向下或上的彎曲破碎。同時(shí),利用原型測(cè)量的結(jié)構(gòu)響應(yīng)數(shù)據(jù)證明了冰板作用于正倒錐交界處時(shí)錐體依然具有減振效果。 (4)基于對(duì)自升式鉆井平臺(tái)冰激振動(dòng)模型實(shí)驗(yàn)的數(shù)據(jù)分析,給出了自升式鉆井平臺(tái)帶齒條樁腿上的擠壓冰力的計(jì)算方法,即利用帶齒條樁腿的“等效直徑”和基于海冰擠壓同時(shí)破碎的擠壓冰力公式進(jìn)行計(jì)算。同時(shí),給出了渤海自升式鉆井平臺(tái)帶齒條樁腿的擠壓動(dòng)冰力譜的計(jì)算方法,即基于渤海圓柱樁腿擠壓動(dòng)冰力譜模型,對(duì)帶齒條樁腿與海冰接觸界面上的各局部擠壓動(dòng)冰力自譜與各局部擠壓動(dòng)冰力之間的互功率譜進(jìn)行“疊加”計(jì)算。 (5)基于對(duì)錐體導(dǎo)管架平臺(tái)冰激振動(dòng)過(guò)程及相關(guān)物理參數(shù)的分析,構(gòu)造了無(wú)量綱冰速vnd和無(wú)量綱結(jié)構(gòu)加速度αnd并進(jìn)一步利用vnd與αnd構(gòu)造了錐體導(dǎo)管架平臺(tái)冰激振動(dòng)的無(wú)量綱參數(shù)CAⅡⅤ。利用加拿大國(guó)家研究委員會(huì)(Canada NRC)水力學(xué)中心進(jìn)行的模型實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù),指出了CAⅡⅤ的規(guī)律與離散性的來(lái)源,即當(dāng)除冰速外的結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)與冰況參數(shù)恒定不變,CAⅡⅤ也基本恒定不變,而當(dāng)除冰速外的結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)或冰況參數(shù)發(fā)生變化,CAⅡⅤ也隨之改變。 (6)基于錐體導(dǎo)管架平臺(tái)冰激振動(dòng)的無(wú)量綱參數(shù)CAⅡⅤ,結(jié)合錐體導(dǎo)管架平臺(tái)簡(jiǎn)化單自由度系統(tǒng)以及渤海窄錐體結(jié)構(gòu)隨機(jī)冰力譜與隨機(jī)動(dòng)冰力函數(shù),建立了針對(duì)設(shè)計(jì)籌建階段中的渤海錐體導(dǎo)管架平臺(tái)的冰激振動(dòng)預(yù)報(bào)模型。同時(shí),給出了在其他海域建立針對(duì)設(shè)計(jì)籌建階段中的錐體導(dǎo)管架平臺(tái)的冰激振動(dòng)預(yù)報(bào)模型的方法框架。
[Abstract]:The action of sea ice and narrow ocean structure ( such as jacket platform of ice zone , self - elevating drilling platform , bridge pier , wind power base , lamp tower , etc . ) can form alternating dynamic ice load , and cause serious ice - induced structural vibration under certain conditions . The formation mechanism of dynamic ice load is still not mature . In order to meet the design requirement of anti - icing platform in ice zone , it is necessary to study the mechanism and theoretical model of ice - induced narrow body structure vibration .

Based on the prototype measurement of dynamic ice force of the platform platform of Bohai Sea and the experimental data analysis of the indoor model , the process and mechanism of ice breaking in the ice - induced vibration of the platform of the riser are analyzed in depth , and the influence of the rack on the ice load in the self - elevating drilling platform is studied and the intrinsic relationship between the physical quantities is defined . Based on this , an ice - induced vibration prediction model for the platform of the Bohai cone jacket is established .

The main work of this paper is as follows :

( 1 ) Based on the analysis of the prototype measurement data of the dynamic ice force of the stand platform , it is proved that the formula of " low value ice force " based on the non - simultaneous crushing theory of sea ice extrusion is not applicable to the upright flexible narrow body structure , and the key mechanism of simultaneous crushing of the vertical structure Shanghai ice is given through the analysis of the crushing process of the sea ice extrusion , that is , the " full contact " between the structure and the ice sheet .

( 2 ) Based on the analysis of the near - field sea ice breaking behavior during the interaction of ice and structure , the mechanism of self - excited vibration of the vertical flexible narrow body structure is further studied .

( 3 ) The fracture mechanism of the ice sheet acting on the junction of positive and reverse taper is given by the analysis of the stress field in the ice sheet , that is , the crack in the ice sheet expands under the joint action of tensile stress and shear stress , which results in spalling and crushing of the upper or lower surface of the ice plate and subsequent downward or upward bending crushing .

( 4 ) Based on the data analysis of the ice - induced vibration model experiment of the self - elevating drilling platform , the calculation method of the extrusion ice force on the rack - and - rack - leg of the self - elevating drilling platform is given .

( 5 ) Based on the analysis of the ice - induced vibration process and related physical parameters of the platform ice - frame platform , the dimensionless parameters CA 鈪 of dimensionless ice velocity vnd and dimensionless structure acceleration 偽nd were constructed .

( 6 ) Based on the dimensionless parameter CA 鈪 of the ice - induced vibration of the cone - pipe - frame platform , the ice - induced vibration prediction model for the Bohai cone jacket platform in the design stage is established by combining the random ice force spectrum of the single - degree - of - freedom system and the narrow cone structure of the Bohai Sea and the random ice force spectrum of the narrow - cone structure of the Bohai Sea . At the same time , the method framework for establishing the ice - induced vibration prediction model for the cone pipe frame platform in the design stage is established in other sea areas .

【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：P75;TB53

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