本文選題：冰激振動 + 導管架平臺　； 參考：《大連理工大學》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：海冰與窄體海洋結(jié)構(gòu)(如冰區(qū)的導管架平臺、自升式鉆井平臺、橋墩、風電基礎(chǔ)、燈塔等)作用會形成交變性的動冰荷載,并在一定條件下引發(fā)嚴重的冰激結(jié)構(gòu)振動。對于導管架石油平臺,冰激振動可以導致導管架的結(jié)構(gòu)疲勞破壞,平臺甲板上部管線及設(shè)施的破壞,以及平臺工作人員的不適。目前,動冰荷載的形成機理仍是學術(shù)界討論的課題,柔性窄體抗冰結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)計規(guī)范尚不成熟。為滿足冰區(qū)抗冰平臺的設(shè)計需求,保障我國渤海冰區(qū)導管架平臺的安全運行,有必要對冰激窄體結(jié)構(gòu)振動的機理與理論模型展開深入的研究工作。 本文基于渤海導管架平臺動冰力原型測量以及室內(nèi)模型實驗數(shù)據(jù)分析,對直立導管架平臺冰激振動過程中海冰破碎的過程與機理進行了深入的分析,對自升式鉆井平臺樁腿上的齒條對冰荷載的影響進行了研究并提出了渤海自升式鉆井平臺帶齒條樁腿擠壓動冰力譜模型,對錐體導管架平臺冰激振動問題構(gòu)造了無量綱參數(shù),明確了各物理量之間的內(nèi)在關(guān)系,并在此基礎(chǔ)上建立了針對設(shè)計籌建階段中的渤海錐體導管架平臺的冰激振動預報模型。 本文主要研究工作如下： (1)基于對直立導管架平臺動冰力原型測量數(shù)據(jù)的分析,證明了基于海冰擠壓非同時破碎理論的“低值冰力”公式不適用于直立柔性窄體結(jié)構(gòu),并通過對海冰擠壓破碎過程的分析,給出了直立結(jié)構(gòu)上海冰發(fā)生擠壓同時破碎的關(guān)鍵機理,即結(jié)構(gòu)與冰板之間的“全接觸”。 (2)基于對冰與結(jié)構(gòu)相互作用過程中近場海冰破碎行為的分析,對直立柔性窄體結(jié)構(gòu)冰致自激振動的機理進行了進一步的研究,闡明了海冰與結(jié)構(gòu)相互作用過程中結(jié)構(gòu)回擺冰力隨即卸載的機理：在結(jié)構(gòu)回擺的瞬間,冰板內(nèi)的翼型裂紋擴展至相互貫通,冰板破碎,導致冰力隨即卸載。 (3)對冰板作用于正倒錐交界處問題,通過對冰板內(nèi)應力場的分析,給出了作用于正倒錐交界處冰板的破碎機理,即冰板內(nèi)裂紋在拉應力與剪應力的共同作用下發(fā)生擴展,導致冰板向上或下表面的剝落破碎以及后續(xù)的向下或上的彎曲破碎。同時,利用原型測量的結(jié)構(gòu)響應數(shù)據(jù)證明了冰板作用于正倒錐交界處時錐體依然具有減振效果。 (4)基于對自升式鉆井平臺冰激振動模型實驗的數(shù)據(jù)分析,給出了自升式鉆井平臺帶齒條樁腿上的擠壓冰力的計算方法,即利用帶齒條樁腿的“等效直徑”和基于海冰擠壓同時破碎的擠壓冰力公式進行計算。同時,給出了渤海自升式鉆井平臺帶齒條樁腿的擠壓動冰力譜的計算方法,即基于渤海圓柱樁腿擠壓動冰力譜模型,對帶齒條樁腿與海冰接觸界面上的各局部擠壓動冰力自譜與各局部擠壓動冰力之間的互功率譜進行“疊加”計算。 (5)基于對錐體導管架平臺冰激振動過程及相關(guān)物理參數(shù)的分析,構(gòu)造了無量綱冰速vnd和無量綱結(jié)構(gòu)加速度αnd并進一步利用vnd與αnd構(gòu)造了錐體導管架平臺冰激振動的無量綱參數(shù)CAⅡⅤ。利用加拿大國家研究委員會(Canada NRC)水力學中心進行的模型實驗數(shù)據(jù),指出了CAⅡⅤ的規(guī)律與離散性的來源,即當除冰速外的結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)與冰況參數(shù)恒定不變,CAⅡⅤ也基本恒定不變,而當除冰速外的結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)或冰況參數(shù)發(fā)生變化,CAⅡⅤ也隨之改變。 (6)基于錐體導管架平臺冰激振動的無量綱參數(shù)CAⅡⅤ,結(jié)合錐體導管架平臺簡化單自由度系統(tǒng)以及渤海窄錐體結(jié)構(gòu)隨機冰力譜與隨機動冰力函數(shù),建立了針對設(shè)計籌建階段中的渤海錐體導管架平臺的冰激振動預報模型。同時,給出了在其他海域建立針對設(shè)計籌建階段中的錐體導管架平臺的冰激振動預報模型的方法框架。
[Abstract]:The action of sea ice and narrow ocean structure ( such as jacket platform of ice zone , self - elevating drilling platform , bridge pier , wind power base , lamp tower , etc . ) can form alternating dynamic ice load , and cause serious ice - induced structural vibration under certain conditions . The formation mechanism of dynamic ice load is still not mature . In order to meet the design requirement of anti - icing platform in ice zone , it is necessary to study the mechanism and theoretical model of ice - induced narrow body structure vibration .

Based on the prototype measurement of dynamic ice force of the platform platform of Bohai Sea and the experimental data analysis of the indoor model , the process and mechanism of ice breaking in the ice - induced vibration of the platform of the riser are analyzed in depth , and the influence of the rack on the ice load in the self - elevating drilling platform is studied and the intrinsic relationship between the physical quantities is defined . Based on this , an ice - induced vibration prediction model for the platform of the Bohai cone jacket is established .

The main work of this paper is as follows :

( 1 ) Based on the analysis of the prototype measurement data of the dynamic ice force of the stand platform , it is proved that the formula of " low value ice force " based on the non - simultaneous crushing theory of sea ice extrusion is not applicable to the upright flexible narrow body structure , and the key mechanism of simultaneous crushing of the vertical structure Shanghai ice is given through the analysis of the crushing process of the sea ice extrusion , that is , the " full contact " between the structure and the ice sheet .

( 2 ) Based on the analysis of the near - field sea ice breaking behavior during the interaction of ice and structure , the mechanism of self - excited vibration of the vertical flexible narrow body structure is further studied .

( 3 ) The fracture mechanism of the ice sheet acting on the junction of positive and reverse taper is given by the analysis of the stress field in the ice sheet , that is , the crack in the ice sheet expands under the joint action of tensile stress and shear stress , which results in spalling and crushing of the upper or lower surface of the ice plate and subsequent downward or upward bending crushing .

( 4 ) Based on the data analysis of the ice - induced vibration model experiment of the self - elevating drilling platform , the calculation method of the extrusion ice force on the rack - and - rack - leg of the self - elevating drilling platform is given .

( 5 ) Based on the analysis of the ice - induced vibration process and related physical parameters of the platform ice - frame platform , the dimensionless parameters CA 鈪 of dimensionless ice velocity vnd and dimensionless structure acceleration 偽nd were constructed .

( 6 ) Based on the dimensionless parameter CA 鈪 of the ice - induced vibration of the cone - pipe - frame platform , the ice - induced vibration prediction model for the Bohai cone jacket platform in the design stage is established by combining the random ice force spectrum of the single - degree - of - freedom system and the narrow cone structure of the Bohai Sea and the random ice force spectrum of the narrow - cone structure of the Bohai Sea . At the same time , the method framework for establishing the ice - induced vibration prediction model for the cone pipe frame platform in the design stage is established in other sea areas .

【學位授予單位】：大連理工大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：P75;TB53

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