本文選題：離心壓縮機 + 小流量　； 參考：《北京建筑大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：離心式制冷壓縮機由于其穩(wěn)定性和高效性一直在大流量蒸發(fā)循環(huán)系統(tǒng)中占據(jù)重要地位,而在小流量應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域,其運行效率遠遠低于大流量下效率指標(biāo)。小流量離心式壓縮機設(shè)計難點在于分析其內(nèi)部粘性氣體復(fù)雜流動造成的流動損失,本文以小流量離心式制冷壓縮機作為研究對象,通過搭建壓縮機性能測試試驗臺對設(shè)計樣機進行性能測試,根據(jù)其內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)繪制等比例流道三維模型,并調(diào)用Fluent模擬軟件中NIST Real Gas模型選取R134a真實氣體物性參數(shù)進行CFD數(shù)值仿真計算,并結(jié)合樣機試驗測試數(shù)據(jù),對模擬結(jié)果及方法進行了驗證,然后對壓縮機內(nèi)部氣體流動機理進行分析研究。經(jīng)測試所設(shè)計的樣機整機效率在50%左右,內(nèi)部流動尚有較大優(yōu)化空間,同時試驗結(jié)果也驗證了模擬方法的可行性和模擬結(jié)果的準(zhǔn)確性;模擬結(jié)果表明在所研究工況下,葉輪進口靠近壓力面存在明顯的二次流現(xiàn)象,制冷劑氣體以與葉片存在沖角的方向進入葉輪子午面流道并與輪盤發(fā)生撞擊,之后氣體流動出現(xiàn)蓋面分離現(xiàn)象。氣體在葉輪出口處氣流方向與擴壓器葉片存在沖角,導(dǎo)致氣流不能平穩(wěn)流入擴壓器流道。整機模型中流動損失主要集中在“級”內(nèi),故在進行流動優(yōu)化時優(yōu)先考慮“級”內(nèi)損失;研究不同結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)對壓縮機流動效率的影響,發(fā)現(xiàn)針對所設(shè)計的小流量離心制冷壓縮機,在設(shè)計工況下原模型的葉輪出口處流動較為平穩(wěn),效率相對較高;匹配圓弧通道擴壓器和直壁通道擴壓器對本次設(shè)計模型效率并無本質(zhì)影響;葉片數(shù)為12時的葉輪模型效率最優(yōu)。本文對小流量離心式壓縮機模型仿真得出的計算結(jié)果可為今后小流量離心式制冷壓縮機結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化設(shè)計提供指導(dǎo)。同時,為探究不同結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)對內(nèi)部流動的影響,模型對比數(shù)量仍需進一步提高。
[Abstract]:Centrifugal refrigeration compressor has been playing an important role in large flow evaporative circulation system because of its stability and efficiency, but in the field of small flow application, its operational efficiency is far lower than the efficiency index under large flow rate. The difficulty in the design of small flow centrifugal compressor is to analyze the flow loss caused by the complex flow of viscous gas inside the compressor. This paper takes the small flow centrifugal compressor as the research object. The performance of the designed prototype was tested by setting up the compressor performance test rig, and the three-dimensional model of proportional flow channel was drawn according to its internal structure parameters. Using the NIST Real Gas model in Fluent simulation software, the real gas physical property parameters of R134a are selected for CFD numerical simulation, and the simulation results and methods are verified by combining the test data of prototype test. Then the gas flow mechanism inside the compressor is analyzed and studied. The efficiency of the prototype designed by the test is about 50%, and there is still much room for optimization of the internal flow. At the same time, the feasibility of the simulation method and the accuracy of the simulation results are verified by the test results. There is an obvious secondary flow phenomenon in the impeller inlet near the pressure surface. The refrigerant gas enters the impeller meridional flow channel in the direction of the angle of attack with the blade and impinges on the wheel, and then the gas flow appears the cover surface separation phenomenon. The air flow direction at the outlet of the impeller has an angle of incidence with the diffuser blade, which results in the airflow not flowing smoothly into the diffuser channel. In the whole model, the flow loss is mainly concentrated in the "grade", so the "grade" loss is given priority in the optimization of the flow, and the influence of different structural parameters on the flow efficiency of the compressor is studied. It is found that the flow of the impeller outlet of the original model is relatively stable and the efficiency is relatively high under the design conditions for the designed centrifugal compressor with small flow rate. The matching arc channel diffuser and the straight wall channel diffuser have no essential influence on the efficiency of the design model, and the impeller model efficiency is optimal when the blade number is 12:00. In this paper, the results obtained from the model simulation of the centrifugal compressor with small flow can provide guidance for the optimization design of the structure of the centrifugal compressor with small flow in the future. At the same time, in order to explore the influence of different structural parameters on internal flow, the number of model contrast needs to be further improved.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京建筑大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TB652

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