發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-04-25 15:40

  本文選題：消聲器 + 數(shù)值模態(tài)匹配法��； 參考：《哈爾濱工程大學(xué)》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：消聲器廣泛應(yīng)用于內(nèi)燃機(jī)進(jìn)排氣噪聲控制,其聲學(xué)特性的計(jì)算與分析是消聲器設(shè)計(jì)的基礎(chǔ)。三維解析方法只適用于計(jì)算橫截面形狀規(guī)則的消聲器的聲學(xué)性能;數(shù)值方法不受幾何形狀限制,可以計(jì)算任意形狀消聲器的聲學(xué)特性,但是對(duì)于高頻性能的計(jì)算,數(shù)值方法受網(wǎng)格尺寸以及計(jì)算機(jī)性能的限制。鑒于此,本文研究數(shù)值模態(tài)匹配法用于計(jì)算和分析任意形狀橫截面的消聲器的聲學(xué)特性。論文介紹了應(yīng)用數(shù)值模態(tài)匹配法計(jì)算消聲器內(nèi)部三維聲場(chǎng)問題的基本過程,將二維有限元法應(yīng)用于求解消聲器的橫向模態(tài),使用模態(tài)匹配法求解消聲器的傳遞損失。應(yīng)用數(shù)值模態(tài)匹配法計(jì)算并分析了膨脹腔消聲器、穿孔管消聲器以及有流消聲器的聲學(xué)性能。將數(shù)值模態(tài)匹配法計(jì)算結(jié)果分別與三維有限元法計(jì)算結(jié)果以及實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)量結(jié)果進(jìn)行對(duì)比,驗(yàn)證了數(shù)值模態(tài)匹配法以及計(jì)算程序的正確性。比較了數(shù)值模態(tài)匹配法和三維有限元方法的計(jì)算時(shí)間,證明了數(shù)值模態(tài)匹配法的優(yōu)越性。進(jìn)而應(yīng)用數(shù)值模態(tài)匹配法研究了消聲器結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)、填充材料、均勻流以及高階模態(tài)對(duì)消聲器聲學(xué)特性的影響,從模態(tài)的角度研究了消聲器聲學(xué)性能優(yōu)化方法。將消聲器進(jìn)出口管布置于高階模態(tài)的節(jié)線上,可以抑制該階模態(tài)的激發(fā),從而拓寬消聲器的消聲頻帶。減小穿孔管孔徑或增大穿孔率,可以使穿孔管抗性和阻性消聲器模態(tài)激發(fā)頻率變高,進(jìn)而提高消聲器中高頻消聲性能。消聲器內(nèi)部填充吸聲材料的密度越大,穿孔管消聲器的整體消聲效果越好。均勻流馬赫數(shù)越大,穿孔管抗性消聲器在中高頻的消聲量越高,而阻性消聲器在整個(gè)頻帶內(nèi)的消聲性能越差。對(duì)于復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)消聲器,提出了基于子域劃分的耦合處理方法。其基本思想是:將復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)消聲器劃分成兒個(gè)子域,利用三維方法求解各個(gè)子域的傳遞矩陣或者阻抗矩陣,結(jié)合各個(gè)子域在公共交界面上的連續(xù)性條件,求解消聲器的整體傳遞矩陣和阻抗矩陣,進(jìn)而計(jì)算得到其傳遞損失。使用耦合處理方法計(jì)算雙腔消聲器的傳遞損失,并且與三維有限元計(jì)算結(jié)果進(jìn)行對(duì)比,驗(yàn)證該方法的正確性。為了驗(yàn)證本文所提出的數(shù)值模態(tài)匹配法預(yù)測(cè)消聲器聲學(xué)性能的正確性,利用聲波分解法和兩負(fù)載法測(cè)量了無(wú)流狀態(tài)下兩種穿孔管消聲器的傳遞損失,實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)量結(jié)果與本文方法計(jì)算結(jié)果吻合良好,表明本文所開發(fā)的數(shù)值模態(tài)匹配法預(yù)測(cè)程序和實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)量方法是正確的。
[Abstract]:Muffler is widely used in internal combustion engine intake and exhaust noise control. The calculation and analysis of its acoustic characteristics is the basis of muffler design. The three-dimensional analytical method can only be used to calculate the acoustic performance of the muffler with regular cross-section shape. The numerical method is not restricted by geometric shape and can be used to calculate the acoustic characteristics of the muffler with arbitrary shape, but the high frequency performance can be calculated. Numerical methods are limited by mesh size and computer performance. In view of this, the numerical modal matching method is used to calculate and analyze the acoustic characteristics of silencers with arbitrary cross section. This paper introduces the basic process of using numerical modal matching method to calculate the three-dimensional sound field problem in muffler. The two-dimensional finite element method is applied to solve the transverse mode of muffler, and the modal matching method is used to solve the transfer loss of muffler. The acoustic properties of expansion cavity muffler, perforated tube muffler and flow muffler are calculated and analyzed by numerical modal matching method. The results of numerical modal matching method are compared with the results of 3D finite element method and experimental measurement, and the correctness of the numerical modal matching method and the calculation program are verified. The computational time of the numerical modal matching method and the three-dimensional finite element method are compared, and the superiority of the numerical modal matching method is proved. Furthermore, the effects of structural parameters, filling materials, uniform flow and high order modes on the acoustic characteristics of muffler are studied by using numerical modal matching method. The optimization method of acoustic performance of muffler is studied from the viewpoint of modal. The silencer inlet and outlet tube is arranged on the nodal line of high order mode, which can restrain the excitation of the order mode and widen the muffler's frequency band. Reducing the aperture of perforated tube or increasing the perforation rate can increase the modal excitation frequency of the perforated tube resistant and resistive muffler and then improve the high frequency silencing performance of the muffler. The greater the density of the sound-absorbing material in the muffler, the better the overall silencing effect of the perforated tube muffler. The larger the Mach number of uniform flow is, the higher the noise suppression rate of perforated tube resistant muffler is at the middle and high frequency frequency, and the worse the noise attenuation performance of the resistive muffler is in the whole frequency band. For the muffler with complex structure, a coupling processing method based on subdomain partition is proposed. The basic idea of this method is to divide the muffler into child subdomains, to solve the transfer matrix or impedance matrix of each subdomain by using three-dimensional method, and to combine the continuity conditions of each subdomain on the common interface. The global transfer matrix and impedance matrix of muffler are solved, and the transfer loss is calculated. The coupling processing method is used to calculate the transfer loss of the dual-cavity muffler and the results are compared with the results of three-dimensional finite element method to verify the correctness of the method. In order to verify the correctness of the numerical modal matching method proposed in this paper to predict the acoustic performance of the muffler, the transfer loss of two perforated tube mufflers under the condition of no flow is measured by using the acoustic decomposition method and the two-load method. The experimental results are in good agreement with the calculated results, which shows that the numerical modal matching method developed in this paper is correct.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工程大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TB535.2

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本文編號(hào)：1801950