本文選題：聲速 + 高溫高壓�。� 參考：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：聲速是指聲波在樣品中的傳輸速度,是與材料的很多物理、化學(xué)特性密切相關(guān)的重要參數(shù)。測(cè)量聲速的方法有多種,其中沖擊受激光散射的方法結(jié)合了激光超聲法和光散射法的特點(diǎn),而且具有全光非接觸式測(cè)量的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。含能材料在高溫高壓下的聲速與其沖擊反應(yīng)過(guò)程密切相關(guān),一直是人們關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)。本文選擇兩種典型的液相含能材料硝基苯和硝基甲烷為對(duì)象,研究其內(nèi)部聲速的溫度壓力響應(yīng)行為。本文首先分析了不同聲速測(cè)量方法的適用性和優(yōu)缺點(diǎn),并從中擇取沖擊受激光散射方法作為測(cè)量高溫高壓液體材料聲速的方法,這種非接觸式測(cè)量方法具有較小的衍射角度,可以在光路中置入限域高壓裝置,適宜高溫高壓下極端條件下的聲速觀測(cè)。選取靈敏度比較高的零差探測(cè)方法來(lái)放大實(shí)驗(yàn)信號(hào),選取IR780染料來(lái)增大泵浦光(800 nm)的吸光度。進(jìn)而改進(jìn)了原有的沖擊受激光散射實(shí)驗(yàn)裝置,使其適應(yīng)高溫和高壓實(shí)驗(yàn)條件的需求。首先測(cè)量了硝基苯和硝基甲烷常溫常壓下的聲速值,測(cè)量結(jié)果與理論值符合得相當(dāng)好證明了實(shí)驗(yàn)系統(tǒng)的可靠性。在此基礎(chǔ)上又觀測(cè)了常壓變溫和常溫變壓條件下兩種樣品中的聲速,探究了樣品中聲速的變化規(guī)律。實(shí)驗(yàn)表明,升溫和升壓對(duì)硝基苯和硝基甲烷中的聲速的作用是相反的,聲速隨著溫度的升高線(xiàn)性減慢,隨著壓力的升高非線(xiàn)性加快。最后,結(jié)合上述研究,設(shè)計(jì)適合同時(shí)加溫加壓的實(shí)驗(yàn)裝置,觀測(cè)了高溫高壓共同作用條件下硝基苯和硝基甲烷的聲速,分析了聲速隨溫度和壓力的變化關(guān)系,利用單獨(dú)變溫變壓的聲速響應(yīng)函數(shù)模擬了高溫高壓同時(shí)作用下的聲速實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù),區(qū)分溫度和壓力對(duì)樣品聲速的貢獻(xiàn)。模擬結(jié)果表明,在本文的溫度和壓力范圍內(nèi),高溫高壓共同作用引起的硝基苯和硝基甲烷中聲速的變化量可以用高溫、高壓?jiǎn)为?dú)作用下的聲速變化量的線(xiàn)性疊加來(lái)表示。本文首次利用全光非接觸的沖擊受激光散射方法觀測(cè)了變溫變壓條件下典型液相含能材料硝基苯和硝基甲烷中的聲速,為研究材料的沖擊響應(yīng)特性提供了重要的信息。
[Abstract]:Sound velocity refers to the speed of sound wave transmission in a sample, and is an important parameter closely related to the physical and chemical properties of materials.There are many methods for measuring sound velocity, among which the method of shock and laser scattering combines the characteristics of laser ultrasonic method and light scattering method, and has the advantages of all-optical non-contact measurement.The sound velocity of energetic materials under high temperature and high pressure is closely related to its impact reaction process and has been the focus of attention.In this paper, two typical liquid phase energetic materials, nitrobenzene and nitromethane, were selected to study the temperature and pressure response behavior of the internal sound velocity.In this paper, the applicability, merits and demerits of different sound velocity measurement methods are analyzed, and the shock laser scattering method is chosen as the method to measure the sound velocity of high temperature and high pressure liquid materials. This non-contact measurement method has a small diffraction angle.A limiting high pressure device can be placed in the optical path, which is suitable for the observation of sound velocity under extreme conditions under high temperature and high pressure.The sensitive homodyne detection method is selected to amplify the experimental signal and the IR780 dye is selected to increase the absorbance of pump light.Furthermore, the original laser scattering experimental device is improved to meet the requirements of high temperature and high pressure experiments.The sound velocities of nitrobenzene and nitromethane were measured at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, and the experimental results were in good agreement with the theoretical values. The reliability of the experimental system was proved.On the basis of this, the sound velocities in two kinds of samples were observed under the condition of atmospheric pressure change and normal temperature variation, and the variation law of sound velocity in the samples was explored.The experimental results show that the effect of heating and increasing pressure on the sound velocity in nitrobenzene and nitromethane is opposite. The velocity of sound decreases linearly with the increase of temperature and accelerates with the increase of pressure.Finally, combined with the above research, an experimental device suitable for simultaneous heating and pressurization was designed to observe the sound velocity of nitrobenzene and nitromethane under the combined action of high temperature and high pressure, and to analyze the relationship between the sound velocity and temperature and pressure.The experimental data of sound velocity under high temperature and high pressure are simulated by using a single variable temperature and pressure response function to distinguish the contribution of temperature and pressure to the sound velocity of the sample.The simulation results show that in the range of temperature and pressure in this paper, the variation of sound velocity in nitrobenzene and nitromethane caused by the interaction of high temperature and high pressure can be expressed by the linear superposition of the variation of sound velocity under the action of high temperature and high pressure alone.In this paper, the acoustic velocities in nitrobenzene and nitromethane, a typical liquid phase energetic material, were observed by all-optical non-contact shock laser scattering method for the first time, which provides important information for studying the shock response characteristics of the materials.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TN249;TB52

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