本文選題：風(fēng)扇 + 交流發(fā)電機(jī)�。� 參考：《西南交通大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：車用交流發(fā)電機(jī)是通過皮帶輪連接發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)將機(jī)械能轉(zhuǎn)化為電能的裝置,隨著轉(zhuǎn)速的提高,氣動(dòng)噪聲成為交流發(fā)電機(jī)噪聲中越來越重要的組成部分。研究交流發(fā)電機(jī)氣動(dòng)噪聲的特性及降噪方法具有重要的意義。針對(duì)交流發(fā)電機(jī)氣動(dòng)噪聲問題,本文建立交流發(fā)電機(jī)氣動(dòng)噪聲的計(jì)算方法,研究分析主要?dú)鈩?dòng)噪聲源部位的遠(yuǎn)場輻射氣動(dòng)噪聲特性、交流發(fā)電機(jī)氣動(dòng)噪聲預(yù)測的不同湍流模型、不同工況下的氣動(dòng)噪聲時(shí)頻特性等。并采用試驗(yàn)研究方法,對(duì)交流發(fā)電機(jī)氣動(dòng)噪聲特性進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證。在此基礎(chǔ)上,建立交流發(fā)電機(jī)氣動(dòng)噪聲多目標(biāo)優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)模型,對(duì)交流發(fā)電機(jī)進(jìn)行降噪優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)。 采用不可壓縮Navie-Stokes方程、RNGκ-ε湍流模型以及LES湍流模型對(duì)車用交流發(fā)電機(jī)的空氣動(dòng)力學(xué)特征進(jìn)行了三維非定常數(shù)值模擬,應(yīng)用滑移網(wǎng)格技術(shù)和FW-H噪聲模型對(duì)交流發(fā)電機(jī)進(jìn)行氣動(dòng)噪聲特性研究。通過數(shù)值模擬分析驗(yàn)證了交流發(fā)電機(jī)氣動(dòng)噪聲幾何模型、數(shù)值模型以及所用CFD分析方法的合理性、可行性以及正確性。得到該型交流發(fā)電機(jī)的氣動(dòng)噪聲源為前扇葉和后扇葉,主要影響階次為6、8、10、12、18等。 通過對(duì)交流發(fā)電機(jī)氣動(dòng)噪聲的預(yù)測,分析12000r/min工況的交流發(fā)電機(jī)氣動(dòng)噪聲流場與聲場特性,得到RNGκ-ε湍流模型在交流發(fā)電機(jī)氣動(dòng)噪聲預(yù)測方面,其頻率在1400Hz以下時(shí),主要階次及幅值與試驗(yàn)對(duì)比吻合較好。同時(shí)LES湍流模型在5000Hz頻率以下有很好的一致性。 針對(duì)交流發(fā)電機(jī)氣動(dòng)噪聲特性預(yù)測問題,本文通過“去除部件法”對(duì)交流發(fā)電機(jī)有無前、后風(fēng)扇等進(jìn)行了相關(guān)實(shí)驗(yàn)。應(yīng)用階次分析原理,研究交流發(fā)電機(jī)的主要?dú)鈩?dòng)噪聲特性,得到該型交流發(fā)電機(jī)的氣動(dòng)噪聲主要階次為6、8、10、12、18等。各主要階次成分基本來源于冷卻風(fēng)扇噪聲。在總噪聲的貢獻(xiàn)量上,前風(fēng)扇對(duì)12、18階次貢獻(xiàn)比后風(fēng)扇大,后風(fēng)扇對(duì)6、8、10階次的貢獻(xiàn)較前風(fēng)扇大,36階次不是氣動(dòng)噪聲的主要影響階次。通過改變定子線圈繞線方式,得到交流發(fā)電機(jī)采用定子線圈B繞方式比A繞好,其總噪聲聲壓級(jí)和第12、18階次聲壓級(jí)均降低。通過改變噪聲傳播途徑上的定子線圈孔隙狀態(tài),得到12階次聲壓級(jí)提高1.2dBA,18階次聲壓級(jí)約降低1.6dBA,對(duì)其他階次影響不明顯。 考慮交流發(fā)電機(jī)旋轉(zhuǎn)方向、后風(fēng)扇擋片高低、前端蓋徑向柵格傾斜角度以及前扇葉分布角度等四個(gè)因素,以低噪聲、高流量以及優(yōu)化頻譜結(jié)構(gòu)從而降低單頻旋轉(zhuǎn)噪聲為多優(yōu)化目標(biāo),對(duì)交流發(fā)電機(jī)氣動(dòng)噪聲進(jìn)行優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)以及降噪研究。反方向狀態(tài)的交流發(fā)電機(jī)總噪聲大且流量小；后風(fēng)扇無擋片的交流發(fā)電機(jī)總噪聲聲壓級(jí)和質(zhì)量流量均降低；改變前端蓋徑向柵格傾斜角度以及采用矢量合成方法對(duì)前扇葉分布角度優(yōu)化后,其總噪聲聲壓級(jí)降低,質(zhì)量流量提高。 文中所得車用交流發(fā)電機(jī)氣動(dòng)噪聲特性以及降噪方法,可為交流發(fā)電機(jī)的氣動(dòng)性能和高轉(zhuǎn)速下總噪聲的改進(jìn)提供一種切實(shí)可行的參考依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:Vehicle alternator is a device for converting mechanical energy into electrical energy through the pulley connected to the engine, with the increase of rotational speed, aerodynamic noise becomes more and more important part of the AC generator noise. It is important to study the alternator aerodynamic noise characteristics and noise reduction method for AC generator. The aerodynamic noise problem the calculation method to establish the AC generator of the aerodynamic noise analysis of main gas radiation of aerodynamic noise source parts of the dynamic noise characteristics of different turbulence models in predicting the aerodynamic noise of AC generator, under different working conditions of the aerodynamic noise. The time-frequency characteristics and research methods of alternator aerodynamic noise characteristics verified. On this basis, the establishment of the alternator aerodynamic design optimization model of multi objective noise reduction, the optimization design of the alternator.
The incompressible Navie-Stokes equation, RNG k-e turbulence model and LES turbulence model for three-dimensional unsteady numerical simulation of the aerodynamic characteristics of vehicle alternator, using sliding grid technology and FW-H noise model of aerodynamic noise characteristics research of AC generator. Analysis to verify the geometric model of aerodynamic noise generator through numerical simulation, the numerical model and the rationality of the CFD analysis method, the feasibility and correctness of the AC generator. The aerodynamic noise source for the front door leaf and after fan, mainly affects the order is 6,8,10,12,18.
The prediction of AC generator of the aerodynamic noise analysis of AC generator gas 12000r/min conditions in the flow field and aerodynamic noise characteristics of sound field, RNG k-e turbulence model in AC generator gas aerodynamic noise prediction, the frequency below 1400Hz, the main order and amplitude with test results agree well. At the same time the LES turbulence model are consistent good at 5000Hz frequency.
According to the features of the noise generator aerodynamic prediction problem, this paper through the removal of parts of the alternator has no law "before, after the fan for the relevant experiments. By applying the principle of order analysis, the noise characteristics of the main gas of the AC generator, the AC generator aerodynamic noise is mainly the order is 6,8,10,12,18 the main components of the order. The basic source of the cooling fan noise. The contribution of the total noise, the fan of 12,18 order contribution than the fan, the fan of 6,8,10 after the order of the 36 big fan contribution than before, the order is not aerodynamic noise mainly affects the order by changing the stator coil. Winding method, obtained by B AC generator stator coil winding around the better than A, the total sound pressure level and the noise of 12,18 Order sound pressure level decreased. The stator coil pore state changes the transmission path of the noise, get 12 order The sound pressure level is improved by 1.2dBA, and the Second Order sound pressure level is reduced by about 1.6dBA, and the influence on other order is not obvious.
Considering the direction of rotation of the alternator, fan baffle height, tilt angle of the radial grid and the front cover before the fan blade angle distribution of four factors, with low noise, high flow rate and optimize the spectrum structure so as to reduce the noise for single frequency rotation optimization target of alternator aerodynamic noise optimization design and noise reduction research. The total noise generator against the direction of state large and small flow; no baffle alternator total sound pressure level and the quality of flow fan decreased; change the front cover angle and the radial grid vector synthesis method of fan blade angle distribution optimization, the total sound pressure level decreased, mass flow rate increased.
The aerodynamic noise characteristics and noise reduction methods of vehicle alternator can provide a practical reference for improving aerodynamic performance and improving total noise at high speed.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：U463.631;TB535

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本文編號(hào)：1745843