本文選題：振動(dòng)測(cè)試　切入點(diǎn)：雙目立體視覺　出處：《合肥工業(yè)大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：振動(dòng)廣泛存在于機(jī)械制造、土木工程、航空航天等領(lǐng)域,對(duì)結(jié)構(gòu)的安全問題構(gòu)成一個(gè)潛在的威脅,而振動(dòng)測(cè)試是評(píng)價(jià)其動(dòng)態(tài)性能的有效途徑。振動(dòng)測(cè)試在科學(xué)研究領(lǐng)域和工程領(lǐng)域都是非常重要的。旋轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)械的振動(dòng)會(huì)引起磨損,性能下降以及旋轉(zhuǎn)部件的失效。隨著工藝技術(shù)和集成電路的發(fā)展,傳統(tǒng)的接觸式傳感器如加速度計(jì)越來(lái)越小,但是傳感器的附加質(zhì)量會(huì)改變整個(gè)動(dòng)態(tài)系統(tǒng)的特性,同時(shí),對(duì)于系統(tǒng)的模態(tài)識(shí)別來(lái)說(shuō)傳感器的放置也是一個(gè)關(guān)鍵的問題。這會(huì)導(dǎo)致測(cè)量結(jié)果的不準(zhǔn)確。激光技術(shù)作為最流行的非接觸測(cè)量方法被廣泛應(yīng)用于振動(dòng)測(cè)試。盡管該方法具有非接觸的特征,但其每次測(cè)量范圍局限于其照射的范圍中,這意味著該方法很難實(shí)現(xiàn)全場(chǎng)檢測(cè)。雙目立體視覺方法是基于三角測(cè)量原理的,該方法己被應(yīng)用到各個(gè)領(lǐng)域且有望彌補(bǔ)傳統(tǒng)傳感器的不足。鑒于其非接觸、全場(chǎng)、高精度的優(yōu)點(diǎn),該方法已吸引廣大研究學(xué)者的關(guān)注。盡管在過(guò)去四十年里立體視覺取得了巨大的進(jìn)步,但三維重建和立體匹配一直是兩個(gè)研究難題。然而,對(duì)于一個(gè)測(cè)量?jī)x器而言,精度和誤差可能是最重要的兩個(gè)問題。一般的動(dòng)態(tài)場(chǎng)景重建能獲得目標(biāo)的運(yùn)動(dòng)趨勢(shì),但是振動(dòng)分析需要更高精度的重建。但是目前關(guān)于雙目立體視覺的動(dòng)態(tài)重建分析還相對(duì)較少。同時(shí),對(duì)于傳統(tǒng)的技術(shù)而言,電渦流傳感器只能得到轉(zhuǎn)子軸承系統(tǒng)的橫向振動(dòng)信息。然而,其理論分析模型是基于三維空間的。轉(zhuǎn)子軸在運(yùn)行過(guò)程中必定有一定的軸向竄動(dòng),這意味著振動(dòng)過(guò)程中的三維變形。在本文中,選用高速工業(yè)相機(jī)、采集卡、信號(hào)發(fā)生器、電動(dòng)振動(dòng)試驗(yàn)臺(tái)、計(jì)算機(jī)等搭建雙目立體視覺系統(tǒng)。實(shí)驗(yàn)選用單點(diǎn)跟蹤法,即在振動(dòng)臺(tái)上貼上圓形特征點(diǎn),這些特征點(diǎn)可反映振動(dòng)臺(tái)的運(yùn)動(dòng)狀況。分析了由亞像素精度引起的系統(tǒng)的分辨率及誤差問題。建立不同的插值模型,且分析了視差精度與系統(tǒng)分辨率的關(guān)系。對(duì)比了在不同振動(dòng)幅值和頻率的情況下,有亞像素插值和沒有亞像素插值時(shí)的三維重建結(jié)果。系統(tǒng)的世界坐標(biāo)系精度與視差精度的關(guān)系被量化。此外,基于雙目立體視覺的方法分析了轉(zhuǎn)子軸承系統(tǒng)在不同轉(zhuǎn)速下的振動(dòng)情況。且利用該方法觀察在不同偏心質(zhì)量的情況下運(yùn)動(dòng)軌跡的變化。對(duì)比其在二維空間與三維空間中的不同變化信息。最后,分析了轉(zhuǎn)子軸承系統(tǒng)在不同運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)情況下的幅頻響應(yīng)。
[Abstract]:Vibration widely exists in the fields of mechanical manufacturing, civil engineering, aerospace and so on, which pose a potential threat to the safety of structures. Vibration testing is an effective way to evaluate its dynamic performance.Vibration testing is very important in the field of scientific research and engineering.Vibration of rotating machinery can cause wear, performance degradation and failure of rotating parts.With the development of process technology and integrated circuit, traditional contact sensors such as accelerometers are becoming smaller and smaller, but the additional mass of sensors will change the characteristics of the whole dynamic system, at the same time,Sensor placement is also a key issue for modal identification of the system.This can lead to inaccurate measurements.Laser technology is widely used in vibration measurement as the most popular non-contact measurement method.Although the method is non-contact, its measurement range is limited to the range of its exposure, which means that the method is difficult to achieve full-field detection.The binocular stereo vision method is based on the triangulation principle. It has been applied to various fields and is expected to make up for the shortcomings of traditional sensors.Due to its advantages of non-contact, full-field and high accuracy, this method has attracted the attention of many researchers.Although great progress has been made in stereo vision in the past 40 years, 3D reconstruction and stereo matching have been two research problems.However, accuracy and error are probably the two most important problems for a measuring instrument.The general dynamic scene reconstruction can obtain the moving trend of the target, but the vibration analysis needs higher precision reconstruction.But the dynamic reconstruction analysis of binocular stereo vision is relatively rare.At the same time, for the traditional technology, the eddy current sensor can only obtain the transverse vibration information of the rotor bearing system.However, its theoretical analysis model is based on three-dimensional space.There must be a certain axial movement in the rotor shaft, which means the three-dimensional deformation in the vibration process.In this paper, high speed industrial camera, acquisition card, signal generator, electric vibration test bench, computer and so on are selected to build binocular stereo vision system.In the experiment, the single point tracking method is used, that is, the circular characteristic points are affixed to the shaking table, which can reflect the motion of the shaking table.The system resolution and error caused by sub-pixel accuracy are analyzed.Different interpolation models are established and the relationship between parallax accuracy and system resolution is analyzed.The results of 3D reconstruction with sub-pixel interpolation and without sub-pixel interpolation are compared under different vibration amplitudes and frequencies.The relationship between the precision of the world coordinate system and the parallax accuracy of the system is quantified.In addition, the vibration of rotor bearing system at different speeds is analyzed based on binocular stereo vision.This method is used to observe the change of motion trajectory under different eccentric masses.Compare the different information between two dimensional space and three dimensional space.Finally, the amplitude-frequency response of rotor bearing system under different operating conditions is analyzed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：合肥工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：TP391.41;TB53

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