本文選題：暖體假人　切入點：溫度均勻性　出處：《東華大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：暖體假人是模擬人體與環(huán)境之間熱濕交換的儀器設(shè)備,以電熱絲作為內(nèi)熱源來模擬人體散熱,主要用于測試服裝熱阻和環(huán)境舒適度。本文從假人表面溫度均勻性及假人表面溫度恒定控制這兩方面,對暖體假人進行了初步研究與制作。 本文基于原先涂抹硅膠層模擬假人皮膚,重新設(shè)計了假人的皮膚敷設(shè),并進行了一系列比較試驗。通過比較圓鎳鉻絲和扁鎳鉻絲的敷設(shè)難易程度和兩者的溫度均勻性效果,確定使用扁鎳鉻絲來進行敷設(shè)簡化制作。 基于先前簡單開關(guān)量溫度控制方法來控制假人表面溫度,本文為達到更準(zhǔn)確的溫度控制,利用Labview軟件編程,重新編寫了開關(guān)控制的程序,結(jié)合上位機及下位機硬件設(shè)備進行了一系列實驗,實現(xiàn)手動溫度控制方案達到要求的控制精度。此外,本文深入研究了PID控制算法,利用Labview軟件中的PID控制包進行軟件編程,并更新了硬件系統(tǒng),最終實現(xiàn)假人表面溫度的自動控制。 在研究初期,PID控制中的最佳比例控制Kp、積分控制Ti及微分控制Td系數(shù)是在常溫狀態(tài)下經(jīng)過多次試驗,得到最佳的控制效果之后挑選出來的。在后來的研究中本文利用Labview軟件編程來實現(xiàn)Kp、Ti、Td的自動選擇,這樣計算機可以在不同的環(huán)境條件下自動挑選出最佳的控制系數(shù)來進行溫度控制,省去了很多人工挑選時間,而且比人工選擇更全面更準(zhǔn)確。 暖體假人的下位機系統(tǒng)是以實時控制溫度和功率測量為核心任務(wù)的軟硬件結(jié)合的系統(tǒng)。由于各解剖段的工作原理都一樣,只有溫度采樣和控制量輸出的通道地址不同,以上溫度控制方法的研究都是就單獨一個通道的溫度控制來進行分析的。研究后期,本文由單獨的局部研究轉(zhuǎn)為整體的軟硬件設(shè)計與制作,實現(xiàn)簡體暖體假人的多段控制,初步完成了簡體暖體假人的整套系統(tǒng)集成。 暖體假人的應(yīng)用側(cè)重于計算服裝的熱阻。因此在完善整體控制系統(tǒng)后,本文在研究的最后對服裝熱阻進行了簡單的測試,但其測試精度還沒有達到國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。初步猜測是整套系統(tǒng)的加熱量流失導(dǎo)致了測試精度不高,本文就熱阻測試計算又進行了一系列調(diào)整實驗,提出改進方案,為后續(xù)完善假人制作以及測試精度奠定了基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:The warm-body dummy is an instrument which simulates the heat and humidity exchange between the human body and the environment. The electric heating wire is used as the internal heat source to simulate the heat dissipation of the human body, which is mainly used to test the thermal resistance of clothing and the environmental comfort.In this paper, the homogeneity of surface temperature of dummy and the constant control of surface temperature of dummy are studied and fabricated.In this paper, the artificial skin was redesigned and a series of comparative experiments were carried out based on the imitated artificial skin coated with silica gel.By comparing the difficulty of laying round nickel chromium wire and flat nickel chromium wire and the effect of temperature uniformity between them, it is determined that flat nickel chromium wire is used to simplify the laying process.Based on the former simple switch temperature control method to control the surface temperature of dummy, in order to achieve more accurate temperature control, the program of switch control is reprogrammed by using Labview software.A series of experiments are carried out with the hardware of upper computer and lower computer to achieve the required control precision of manual temperature control scheme.In addition, the PID control algorithm is deeply studied in this paper. The software is programmed with the PID control package in the Labview software, and the hardware system is updated. Finally, the automatic control of the surface temperature of the dummy is realized.In the initial stage of the study, the optimal proportional control Kp, the integral control Ti and the differential control TD coefficient are selected after many experiments at room temperature, and the optimal control effect is obtained.And more comprehensive and accurate than manual selection.The lower computer system of the warm-body dummy is a software and hardware system which is based on the real-time control of temperature and power measurement.Because the principle of each anatomic section is the same, only the temperature sampling and the output channel address of the control quantity are different, the research of the above temperature control method is based on the temperature control of a single channel.In the later stage of the research, the software and hardware design and manufacture of the whole software and hardware are changed from the single local research to realize the multi-stage control of the simplified warm-body dummy, and the complete system integration of the simplified warm-body dummy is preliminarily completed.The application of warm-body dummy focuses on calculating the thermal resistance of clothing.Therefore, after perfecting the whole control system, this paper carries on the simple test to the clothing thermal resistance at the end of the research, but its test precision has not reached the national standard.It is preliminarily speculated that the heat loss of the whole system leads to the low accuracy of the test. In this paper, a series of adjustment experiments are carried out on the calculation of the thermal resistance test, and an improved scheme is put forward, which lays a foundation for the subsequent improvement of the dummy manufacture and the test precision.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東華大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TP273;TB17

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