發(fā)布時間：2018-03-28 18:34

  本文選題：華北平原　切入點：地面沉降　出處：《中國地質(zhì)》2017年06期

【摘要】：華北平原是世界上最大的地下水系統(tǒng)之一,地面沉降問題突出。由于沉積環(huán)境變化多樣、地質(zhì)條件差異性顯著和人類開采活動強烈,使得該地區(qū)地面沉降成因機理復(fù)雜。本文采用衛(wèi)星對地觀測技術(shù)與傳統(tǒng)手段相結(jié)合,監(jiān)測地面沉降災(zāi)變過程,分析華北平原地面沉降發(fā)展歷史和現(xiàn)狀。結(jié)合應(yīng)力-應(yīng)變圖解法及土工實驗研究地面沉降差異性特征及滯后變形成因機理。取得了以下關(guān)鍵認識:(1)華北平原地面沉降空間分布差異性明顯,沉降主要分布在平原區(qū)第四紀沉積凹陷,呈現(xiàn)東西分帶、南北分段特點。地面沉降空間發(fā)展部分受到北東向和北西向構(gòu)造控制。在滄縣隆起區(qū),地面沉降也比較發(fā)育,主要原因是滄縣隆起在第四紀時期構(gòu)造運動相對不活躍,沉積了較厚的第四系;存在與構(gòu)造走向一致的3期古河道,該地區(qū)賦存豐富的地下水資源并被大量開采。(2)地面沉降發(fā)生發(fā)展與地下水開采歷史密切相關(guān),沉降主要壓縮貢獻層隨地下水開采層位變化而變化。北京平原100 m以深地層對地面沉降貢獻呈增加趨勢。天津平原目前地面沉降的主要貢獻層來自300 m以下地層。(3)氣候干旱導(dǎo)致地下水補給量減少,同時增加了地下水的開采,因而是引起地面沉降的重要間接驅(qū)動因素。高層建筑荷載、基坑降排水、地?zé)衢_采對地面沉降的影響應(yīng)引起足夠重視。(4)地面沉降具有很強的滯后性,最大滯后時間可達25年。除了滲透固結(jié)成因以外,土體蠕變是另外一個重要原因。更新世地層在不同荷載下,蠕變特征明顯。滄縣隆起晚更新世地層次固結(jié)可達到總變形28.3%。(5)土的物理性質(zhì)、地下水位變化模式對土層變形特征具有重要影響。不同埋深地層在地下水位變化條件下的變形特征存在較大的差異(彈性、黏彈性、黏彈塑性)。淺部含水組呈現(xiàn)以彈性為主的變形特征。
[Abstract]:The North China Plain is one of the largest groundwater systems in the world, and the problem of land subsidence is prominent. The formation mechanism of land subsidence in this area is complicated. In this paper, the disaster process of land subsidence is monitored by the combination of satellite observation technology and traditional means. The history and present situation of land subsidence in North China Plain are analyzed. The difference characteristics of land subsidence and the formation mechanism of lag deformation are studied by means of stress-strain graphic method and geotechnical experiment. The following key understandings are obtained: 1) North China Plain land. The spatial distribution of settlement is obviously different, The subsidence is mainly distributed in Quaternary sedimentary sag of plain area, showing east-west zonation, north-south subdivision characteristic. The spatial development of land subsidence is partly controlled by NE and NW trending tectonics. In Cangxian uplift area, land subsidence is also relatively developed. The main reason is that the Cangxian uplift was relatively inactive in the Quaternary period and deposited thick Quaternary system. The occurrence and development of ground subsidence in this area is closely related to the history of groundwater exploitation. The contribution layer of subsidence mainly changes with the variation of groundwater mining horizon. The contribution of deep strata to ground subsidence in Beijing Plain is increasing. The main contribution layer of ground subsidence in Tianjin Plain at present comes from strata below 300 m. (III) reduced groundwater recharge due to climatic drought, At the same time, the groundwater mining is increased, so it is an important indirect driving factor to cause the ground subsidence. The influence of high-rise building load, foundation pit drainage and geothermal mining on the ground subsidence should be paid enough attention to. The maximum lag time can be up to 25 years. In addition to the causes of osmotic consolidation, soil creep is another important reason. The Pleistocene strata were subjected to different loads. The creep characteristics are obvious. The physical properties of the soil in the late Pleistocene of Cangxian uplift can reach the total deformation of 28.3. The variation model of groundwater level has an important influence on the deformation characteristics of soil layer, and there are great differences in deformation characteristics (elasticity, viscoelasticity, viscoelasticity) of different buried strata under the condition of groundwater level change. Viscoelastic-plastic. The shallow water-bearing group is characterized by elastic deformation.
【作者單位】： 中國地質(zhì)環(huán)境監(jiān)測院;天津市地質(zhì)調(diào)查研究院;首都師范大學(xué);北京市水文地質(zhì)工程地質(zhì)大隊;中國地質(zhì)調(diào)查局;
【基金】：中國地質(zhì)調(diào)查局地質(zhì)調(diào)查項目(DD20160235,1212011140022,12120113011700) 國家自然科學(xué)基金項目(41572220)聯(lián)合資助~~
【分類號】：P642.26

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本文編號：1677541