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  本文選題：超聲駐波懸浮　切入點：聲懸浮力　出處：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：超聲駐波懸浮技術，是非接觸式支撐技術的一種，它能夠用來模擬空間環(huán)境的微重力、無接觸等特性，為生物化學以及材料科學領域提供一種接近理想狀態(tài)的實驗條件，還能夠克服傳統(tǒng)的接觸式操作對精密零件表面的破壞等問題。超聲駐波懸浮是利用超聲換能器的輻射端產生高頻的活塞式振動，在介質中形成聲場，在聲波傳輸路徑上放置反射端，使聲波反射回來與入射聲波相互疊加，調節(jié)輻射端面與反射端面之間的距離，使之為超聲波半波長的整數倍，入射波與反射波在聲場空間中反復多次疊加形成高強駐波聲場，并形成輻射聲壓，置于駐波聲場中的物體在輻射聲壓的作用下，將達到懸浮狀態(tài)。 本文首先分析了理想媒質中的聲波方程，，并通過平面駐波的基本概念，推導出了平面駐波聲場中，媒質質點速度及聲場空間中聲壓的分布；結合Gor’kov的時間平均勢理論，推導出相對時間平均勢、軸向聲懸浮力和聲回復力常數的表達式，并理論分析了被懸浮物在駐波聲場中穩(wěn)定懸浮的位置；通過建立簡化的碰撞模型，從動量交換的角度，分析了駐波聲懸浮的基本原理并定性分析懸浮位置。 其次，探討了具有平面反射面的聲懸浮系統(tǒng)的結構參數（諧振腔長度、反射端面直徑和輻射端面直徑）對懸浮能力的影響，確定了反射面為平面時最優(yōu)結構尺寸參數。根據凹球面的聚焦作用，將反射面設計為凹球面的形式，優(yōu)化了聲懸浮裝置的結構參數；對超聲駐波聲場進行了仿真，分別確定了反射面為平面和凹球面時，在不同諧振腔長度下，聲場中的理論懸浮位置及每層懸浮位置處的軸向和徑向回復力常數，對比懸浮系統(tǒng)的懸浮穩(wěn)定性。 最后，根據單軸式聲懸浮的原理，建立了簡易的聲懸浮實驗裝置。對直徑為2mm的泡沫球進行了平面/凹球形反射面懸浮能力、懸浮穩(wěn)定性實驗，實驗驗證聲懸浮裝置的懸浮能力及其穩(wěn)定性。
[Abstract]:Ultrasonic standing wave suspension is a kind of non-contact support technology. It can be used to simulate the microgravity, non-contact and other characteristics of space environment, and to provide a near ideal experimental condition for the field of biochemistry and material science. The ultrasonic standing wave levitation is a kind of high frequency piston vibration produced by the radiating end of the ultrasonic transducer and forms sound field in the medium. The reflection end is placed on the path of acoustic wave transmission, so that the reflection of sound wave is superimposed with the incident sound wave, and the distance between the radiation end surface and the reflection end surface is adjusted to make it an integral multiple of the half wave length of the ultrasonic wave. The incident wave and the reflected wave are superimposed repeatedly in the sound field to form the high strength standing wave sound field and the radiation sound pressure is formed. The object placed in the standing wave sound field will be suspended under the action of the radiation sound pressure. In this paper, the acoustic wave equation in ideal medium is analyzed, and by the basic concept of plane standing wave, the distribution of the velocity of medium particle and the sound pressure in the space of sound field in the plane standing wave sound field are deduced, and the time average potential theory of Gor'kov is used. The expressions of relative time average potential, axial acoustic levitation force and acoustic recovery force constant are derived, and the position of suspended object in standing wave sound field is theoretically analyzed. The basic principle of standing wave acoustic levitation is analyzed and the suspension position is qualitatively analyzed. Secondly, the influence of structural parameters (cavity length, reflecting end diameter and radiation end diameter) on the suspension capability of acoustic suspension system with plane reflector is discussed. According to the focusing effect of the concave sphere, the reflection surface is designed as the concave spherical surface, and the structural parameters of the acoustic suspension device are optimized, and the ultrasonic standing wave sound field is simulated. When the reflector is plane and concave sphere, the theoretical levitation position in the acoustic field and the axial and radial recoil force constants at each levitation position in different cavity lengths are determined respectively, and the suspension stability of the suspension system is compared. Finally, according to the principle of uniaxial acoustic levitation, a simple experimental device of acoustic levitation is established. The levitation ability and suspension stability of foam ball with diameter of 2mm are tested on the plane / concave spherical reflector. The suspension capability and stability of the acoustic suspension device are verified by experiments.
【學位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TB552;TB559

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相關期刊論文 前1條

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本文編號：1666618