本文選題：尖扎縣　切入點(diǎn)：滑坡　出處：《中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)(北京)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：本論文在進(jìn)行青海省尖扎縣滑坡地質(zhì)災(zāi)害調(diào)查的基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)尖扎縣典型滑坡拉薩滑坡和康楊滑坡進(jìn)行力學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)和礦物學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn),分析滑坡成因機(jī)理和內(nèi)在微觀礦物組成,發(fā)現(xiàn)紅色泥巖地層對(duì)滑坡發(fā)育具有控制性作用。泥巖地層中的導(dǎo)水通道從內(nèi)部濕潤(rùn)泥巖,紅色泥巖層遇水后力學(xué)強(qiáng)度驟減,是滑坡啟動(dòng)的內(nèi)在原因。而泥巖中高比例的粘土礦物組成尤其具有膨脹性質(zhì)粘土礦物是泥巖具有特殊力學(xué)性質(zhì)的重要原因,在兩個(gè)典型滑坡的滑帶位置,其巖層粘土礦物含量比滑坡其他部位相對(duì)較高,說明粘土礦物含量高低與巖層力學(xué)性能呈反比,高含量粘土礦物巖層成為潛在的軟弱帶。根據(jù)收集的資料和野外調(diào)查結(jié)果,通過ArcGIS軟件處理,初步選取“高差”、“坡度”、“高程”、“居民地距離”、“公路距離”、“河流距離”、“坡向”、“地層”八個(gè)影響因素,形成空間地理數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)�；谝蜃臃治龊瓦壿嫽貧w的統(tǒng)計(jì)分析方法在GIS平臺(tái)對(duì)尖扎縣進(jìn)行區(qū)域滑坡危險(xiǎn)性評(píng)價(jià)。利用因子分析的方法去除影響因素的相關(guān)性,并且將原先初選的八個(gè)影響因素降維處理形成四個(gè)主成分影響因素,在ArcGIS中形成“主成分空間地理數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)”,然后利用邏輯回歸的方法,對(duì)選取的73個(gè)滑坡樣本,200個(gè)非滑坡樣本,以因子分析得來的四個(gè)主成分為自變量進(jìn)行邏輯回歸分析,具體操作在SPSS軟件中執(zhí)行,利用邏輯回歸結(jié)果在ArcGIS上形成滑坡危險(xiǎn)性區(qū)劃圖。通過對(duì)評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果分析,得到如下結(jié)論:(1)尖扎縣滑坡發(fā)育高危險(xiǎn)性區(qū)域主要集中在縣區(qū)東北部及東南部和西南部低洼處,危險(xiǎn)程度總體上呈現(xiàn)由東北向西南逐漸降低的趨勢(shì),這與野外調(diào)查基本一致;(2)小尺度上高危險(xiǎn)區(qū)的分布與人類活動(dòng)和特定地層密切相關(guān),主要分布在人類活動(dòng)頻繁的地區(qū)和K+N一套半膠結(jié)泥巖地層中,該套地層具有軟硬巖層相間分布和透水地層和不透水地層相間分布的特點(diǎn);(3)河流的分布及地形起伏度對(duì)滑坡的發(fā)育也有重要影響,但影響力不及地層因素和人類活動(dòng)因素;(4)本文創(chuàng)造性地將利用因子分析改進(jìn)的邏輯回歸方法用于區(qū)域?yàn)?zāi)害評(píng)價(jià)中,改進(jìn)后的邏輯回歸方法,大大的提高了評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果的可信度和精度。
[Abstract]:Based on the investigation of landslide geological hazard in Jianza County, Qinghai Province, this paper carries out mechanical and mineralogical experiments on the typical landslide in Jianza County, Lhasa landslide and Kangyang landslide, and analyzes the genetic mechanism and internal microscopic mineral composition of the landslide. It is found that the red mudstone strata have a controlling effect on the development of the landslide. The high proportion of clay minerals in mudstone, especially the swelling clay mineral, is an important reason for the special mechanical properties of mudstone, which is located in the slip zone of two typical landslides. The clay mineral content of the rock layer is relatively higher than that of other parts of the landslide, indicating that the clay mineral content is inversely proportional to the mechanical properties of the rock layer, and the high content clay mineral rock formation becomes a potential weak zone. Through ArcGIS software processing, eight influencing factors, such as "height difference", "slope degree", "elevation", "residential land distance", "highway distance", "river distance", "slope direction" and "stratum" are selected preliminarily. The method of statistical analysis based on factor analysis and logical regression was used to evaluate the risk of regional landslide in GIS platform. The correlation of influencing factors was removed by the method of factor analysis. And the original primary eight influencing factors are reduced to form four principal component influencing factors, and "principal component spatial geographical database" is formed in ArcGIS. Then, using the method of logical regression, the selected 73 landslide samples and 200 non-landslide samples are selected. The four principal components obtained by factor analysis are used as independent variables for logical regression analysis. The concrete operation is performed in SPSS software. The landslide hazard map is formed on ArcGIS by using the result of logical regression. The conclusions are as follows: (1) the high risk area of landslide development in Jianza County is mainly located in the northeast, southeast and southwest of the county, and the risk degree is gradually decreasing from northeast to southwest. This is basically consistent with field investigations.) the distribution of high risk areas on a small scale is closely related to human activities and specific strata, mainly in areas where human activities are frequent and in a set of K N semi-cemented mudstone formations. This set of strata has the characteristics of interphase distribution of hard and soft strata and interphase distribution of permeable and impermeable strata.) the distribution of rivers and the degree of topographic fluctuation also have an important influence on the development of landslides. But the influence is less than that of stratigraphic factor and human activity factor. (4) this paper creatively applies the improved logic regression method to regional disaster evaluation, and the improved logic regression method is applied to the evaluation of regional disaster. The reliability and accuracy of the evaluation results are greatly improved.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)(北京)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：P642.22;P208

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