本文選題：服務(wù)設(shè)計(jì)　切入點(diǎn)：反思型實(shí)踐　出處：《湖南大學(xué)》2014年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：本文選題源于七年來的設(shè)計(jì)教學(xué)和設(shè)計(jì)項(xiàng)目實(shí)踐,針對兩個基本研究問題：第一,服務(wù)設(shè)計(jì)概念衍生階段設(shè)計(jì)師基本的設(shè)計(jì)活動規(guī)律。第二,服務(wù)設(shè)計(jì)概念衍生的思維模式、設(shè)計(jì)策略與驅(qū)動類型等。屬于設(shè)計(jì)行為學(xué)(praxiology)-研究設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)踐和設(shè)計(jì)過程的研究范疇。對概念衍生階段的設(shè)計(jì)師思維認(rèn)知和創(chuàng)新活動的“解密”具有重要的理論和實(shí)踐指導(dǎo)意義。 針對論文研究問題及設(shè)計(jì)領(lǐng)域具有“未明確定義問題”的基本屬性和設(shè)計(jì)活動中“設(shè)計(jì)問題與解決方案協(xié)同進(jìn)化”的特征,采用現(xiàn)象學(xué)建構(gòu)主義中舍恩的反思型實(shí)踐作為研究的理論基礎(chǔ)。并結(jié)合《服務(wù)設(shè)計(jì)與商業(yè)模式》課程、《摩托羅拉創(chuàng)新服務(wù)聯(lián)合設(shè)計(jì)工作坊》、《諾基亞聯(lián)合課程項(xiàng)目及相關(guān)工作坊》、《諾基亞移動教育服務(wù)設(shè)計(jì)工作坊》等實(shí)踐案例,采用文獻(xiàn)研究、口語分析、詞語分析法、認(rèn)知地圖、心智圖、扎根理論中的開放編碼、分析性歸納和自由列表等方法展開研究。 研究的基本內(nèi)容包括：首先以“反思型實(shí)踐”理論為學(xué)術(shù)背景,界定了本文研究的概念、范圍、范式方法論的選擇和關(guān)鍵問題。綜述了設(shè)計(jì)活動、設(shè)計(jì)思維、設(shè)計(jì)師式認(rèn)知、新手和專家等研究文獻(xiàn)、選題背景及意義。接著通過對舍恩反思型實(shí)踐的框架進(jìn)行介紹,并結(jié)合設(shè)計(jì)活動的文獻(xiàn)研究成果,在多斯特(Kees Dorst)框定(frame)設(shè)計(jì)問題為單元核心的編碼系統(tǒng)、芬克等設(shè)計(jì)活動編碼的基礎(chǔ)上,采用口語分析法對以小組構(gòu)思為基本單元的概念衍生活動進(jìn)行了編碼分析。輸出了服務(wù)設(shè)計(jì)概念衍生反思型活動的基本規(guī)律和區(qū)分類型。然后通過對實(shí)驗(yàn)中每組概念衍生的線性過程,經(jīng)由“發(fā)散-收斂”的設(shè)計(jì)活動基本特征,利用認(rèn)知地圖、心智圖等方法提煉出七種概念衍生思維模式,并依循扎根理論中開放編碼的原則對設(shè)計(jì)活動進(jìn)行多層截面解析,抽取出概念衍生的設(shè)計(jì)策略及驅(qū)動類型。隨后歸納了反思型實(shí)踐中從新手到專家不同級別的設(shè)計(jì)師在分析和處理設(shè)計(jì)問題、設(shè)計(jì)啟發(fā)式、設(shè)計(jì)策略、設(shè)計(jì)知識等方面的異同。并通過詞語分析法中正向和并發(fā)關(guān)系計(jì)量分析,獲取了設(shè)計(jì)師在小組合作中的小組同質(zhì)化特征以及各級別對象在概念衍生中互動機(jī)制上的區(qū)別。最后對五個層級概念衍生反思型活動特征進(jìn)行了歸納并提出了小組構(gòu)思的概念衍生反思型活動研究方法。 研究的主要創(chuàng)新成果包括：第一,通過對概念衍生反思型活動定性和定量的綜合分析,分別從概念衍生反思型活動類、概念衍生反思型活動思維模式、設(shè)計(jì)策略、驅(qū)動類型和互動機(jī)制等方面歸納了五個層級的服務(wù)設(shè)計(jì)概念衍生活動特征。系統(tǒng)提煉了三類不同的概念衍生反思型活動類及互動機(jī)制；將服務(wù)設(shè)計(jì)概念衍生階段的思維模式歸納為培養(yǎng)皿型、裂變型、漏斗型等七種；并提出了以尋求需求為重心的設(shè)計(jì)、以服務(wù)內(nèi)容為重心的設(shè)計(jì)等四種設(shè)計(jì)策略；溯源了兩種服務(wù)設(shè)計(jì)概念衍生階段的驅(qū)動類型。 第二,在概念衍生活動實(shí)驗(yàn)組織和口語分析系統(tǒng)編碼原則上的創(chuàng)新和探索反思。小組合作的組織形式有效規(guī)避了口語分析法中常見的因思維內(nèi)隱或?qū)＜医?jīng)驗(yàn)化而捕捉失效的弊端。對部分實(shí)驗(yàn)編碼系統(tǒng)實(shí)行開放編碼原則,對保持編碼系統(tǒng)和結(jié)果類型的自然生成提供了基礎(chǔ)條件。這種開放性、不窮盡的原則對于設(shè)計(jì)活動實(shí)驗(yàn)研究具有指導(dǎo)意義。 第三,系統(tǒng)分析了概念衍生反思型活動中設(shè)計(jì)師行為和認(rèn)知層面的特征,提出了概念衍生反思型活動中活動類、思維模式、設(shè)計(jì)策略、驅(qū)動類型和互動機(jī)制這些特征要素,并最終提出了基于小組構(gòu)思的概念衍生反思型活動研究方法。分別從服務(wù)設(shè)計(jì)師概念衍生活動行為層面和具體概念的線性衍生過程層面來解析反思型設(shè)計(jì)活動的特征本質(zhì)。
[Abstract]:The topic of this paper originates from seven years of teaching design and project practice, aiming at the two fundamental research questions: first, service design concept derived design activities. The second basic rules stage designer, service design concept thinking mode, design strategy and drive type etc. belong to the design behavior (praxiology) - research category design and practice of the design process. The concept of derivative stage designers cognitive thinking and innovation "decryption" has important theoretical and practical significance.
According to the research and design field are not clearly defined "the basic attributes and design activities in the design problems and solutions of co evolution" feature, using the phenomenological construction of reflective practice in Schoen's theory as the theoretical foundation. And combined with the design of business model and service < > curriculum, "Motorola Innovation Service design workshop >, < NOKIA joint curriculum project and related workshop >, < the design work of NOKIA mobile education service workshop > practical case, using literature research, analysis of spoken words, analysis, cognitive map, mind map, rooted in the theory of open encoding, analysis of induction and free list method study.
The basic content of the research includes: first, to "reflective practice" theory as the academic background, definition, research scope, selection and key issues of methodological paradigm. Summarizes the design thinking, design activities, type designer cognition, novice and expert on literature, background and meaning. Then through the frame the Schoen reflective practice were introduced, and combined with the research of design activities, in Dost (Kees Dorst) frame (frame) encoding system design problems as the core unit, based on the Fink design activities of the concept of encoding, in the group concept as the basic unit of the derivative activities were analyzed by oral encoding the basic law of output analysis. The service design concept of reflective activities and distinguish types. Then based on the concept of the linear process each derived, through the "divergence convergence" The basic characteristics of the design activities, the use of cognitive map, mind map and other methods refined seven kinds of concept thinking mode, and follow the design activity of multi section analysis of grounded theory in open encoding principle and driver design strategy to extract concept derived types. Then summarizes the designers from novice to expert levels of reflection type of practice in the analysis and processing of design issues, design heuristics, design strategy, design and other aspects of the similarities and differences of knowledge. And the analysis of the forward and concurrent relation measurement method in the analysis by the words, the designer team homogenization characteristics during group work and the level of interaction difference mechanism in concept. At the end of the the five levels of the concept of derived features of reflective activities were summarized and put forward the concept of team concept derived reflective activities research methods.
The main innovative results of the study include: first, through the comprehensive analysis of derived qualitative and quantitative reflective activities on the concept of reflective activities respectively derived from the concept of derivative concept, mode of thinking, reflective activities design strategy, drive type and interaction mechanism were summarized, the design concept of five levels of service system of derivative activities characteristics. Abstract three different concepts of reflective activity derivative and interaction mechanism; service design concept derived phase thinking mode into a Petri dish type, fission type, funnel type seven; and put forward to find the demand as the focus of the design, the service as the focus of the design four design strategies; drive source two service design concept derived phase type.
In second, the concept of derivative activities and oral tissues of experimental analysis of innovation and Exploration on system encoding principle. The group cooperation organization to effectively circumvent the disadvantages of oral analysis method in common with implicit thinking or expert experience and capture the failure on the part of experimental system of open encoding encoding principle, to maintain the encoding system and the results provide basic conditions of natural generation type. This openness, endless principle is of great significance for the study of design activities.
Third, the system analysis of the concept of derived features of behavioral and cognitive level designer reflective activities, put forward the concept of derivative activities reflective activities, mode of thinking, design strategy, drive type and interaction mechanism of these factors, and finally puts forward the reflective activities derivative concept study group based on the essential feature of linear conception. Activity level and specific concepts derived from the concept of service designers derived levels to analysis the reflective design activities respectively.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TB47

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