本文選題：地下水補(bǔ)給　切入點(diǎn)：北京平原區(qū)　出處：《首都師范大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：北京市是重度水資源缺少地區(qū),地下水是北京市的主要水資源來源。大氣降水是干旱和半干旱地區(qū)的主要地下水補(bǔ)給途徑,尤其是在北京地區(qū)更加明顯,降水對地下水的補(bǔ)給量可達(dá)地下水補(bǔ)給總量的50%。隨著城市的不斷發(fā)展,過度的開采及不斷惡化的環(huán)境嚴(yán)重影響了降水入滲對地下水的補(bǔ)給,因此準(zhǔn)確的估算降水對北京地下水的補(bǔ)給對城市的發(fā)展至關(guān)重要。 分布式水文模型WetSpass是一種基于水量平衡的降水入滲量估算模型,它充分的考慮了氣候、土壤、土地利用等影響降水入滲的各種因子,可以較準(zhǔn)確的描述由于降水對地下水量所引起的變化情況。本文應(yīng)用該模型,應(yīng)用相關(guān)的氣象數(shù)據(jù)、灌溉數(shù)據(jù)、土壤數(shù)據(jù)及土地利用數(shù)據(jù)估算了2011年北京平原區(qū)的地下水垂向補(bǔ)給量,通過驗(yàn)證結(jié)果證明模型在研究區(qū)有較好的適用性。繼而估算了2011年北京平原區(qū)降水入滲量,基于此結(jié)果模擬研究區(qū)入滲系數(shù),內(nèi)容如下： (1)通過模型模擬的2011年北京平原區(qū)平均地下水垂向補(bǔ)給量為291.1mm(17.63×108m3)。通過地下水位動態(tài)方法對結(jié)果進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證,該結(jié)果與2011年平原區(qū)垂向補(bǔ)給量(19.59×108m3)的差值為-2.05×108m3,結(jié)果顯示,二者具有較好的空間相關(guān)性,相關(guān)性系數(shù)R2=80.6%。驗(yàn)證了模型在研究區(qū)有較好適用性。 (2)模擬了2011年北京平原區(qū)大氣降水入滲補(bǔ)給量,平原區(qū)平均降水入滲補(bǔ)給量為233.7mm,區(qū)域內(nèi)降水入滲補(bǔ)給總量為14.10×108m3。對不同土地利用類型不同土壤類型對地下水補(bǔ)給量的因子影響。可知內(nèi)陸水體的補(bǔ)給量最小,林地等補(bǔ)給量相對較高。由于土壤的自身特性和制約性,不同類型土壤入滲量相差較大。 (3)基于模擬的平原區(qū)降水入滲補(bǔ)給量,通過GIS的空間計算功能,模擬了研究區(qū)的降水入滲補(bǔ)給系數(shù)。北京平原區(qū)的平均大氣降水入滲補(bǔ)給系數(shù)為0.366,較傳統(tǒng)計算方法計算值增幅了4.0%,總體上變化不大。從土地利用、土壤類型、年降水量等方面進(jìn)行了降水入滲補(bǔ)給系數(shù)的影響因子分析。
[Abstract]:Beijing is a severe water shortage area, and groundwater is the main source of water resources in Beijing. Atmospheric precipitation is the main way to recharge groundwater in arid and semi-arid areas, especially in Beijing. The recharge of precipitation to groundwater can reach 50% of the total amount of groundwater recharge. With the continuous development of the city, excessive exploitation and deteriorating environment have seriously affected the recharge of groundwater by precipitation infiltration. Therefore, accurate estimation of precipitation is of great importance to the development of Beijing groundwater. Distributed hydrological model (WetSpass) is a rainfall infiltration estimation model based on water balance, which takes into account all kinds of factors affecting precipitation infiltration, such as climate, soil, land use and so on. The change caused by precipitation on groundwater quantity can be described more accurately. This paper applies the model, the relevant meteorological data, irrigation data, Soil data and land use data estimated the vertical recharge of groundwater in Beijing Plain in 2011. The results proved that the model is suitable for the study area, and then estimated the precipitation infiltration in Beijing Plain on 2011. Based on these results, the infiltration coefficient of the studied area is simulated, and the contents are as follows:. 1) the average vertical groundwater supply in Beijing Plain area in 2011 simulated by the model is 291.1 mm ~ (-1) mm ~ (-1) ~ 17.63 脳 10 ~ (8) m ~ (3). The result is verified by the dynamic method of groundwater level, and the difference between this result and that in 2011 is -2.05 脳 10 ~ (8) m ~ (3). The results show that the average vertical groundwater supply is -2.05 脳 10 ~ (8) m ~ (3). The correlation coefficient R _ 2 / R _ (2) is 80.6. the applicability of the model in the study area is verified. In 2011, the amount of precipitation infiltration in Beijing Plain area was simulated. The average rainfall infiltration recharge is 233.7mm and the total precipitation recharge is 14.10 脳 108m3.The effects of different land use types and soil types on groundwater recharge are found to be the lowest in inland water body. Because of the characteristics and constraints of soil, the infiltration amount of different types of soil varies greatly. (3) based on the simulated rainfall infiltration recharge in plain area, the spatial calculation function of GIS is adopted. The precipitation infiltration and recharge coefficient of the study area is simulated. The average atmospheric precipitation infiltration recharge coefficient in Beijing plain is 0.366, which is increased by 4.0% compared with the traditional calculation method. The influence factors of precipitation infiltration and recharge coefficient were analyzed in terms of annual precipitation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：首都師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：P641.2;TP79;P334.92

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