本文選題：大功率線性壓縮機　切入點：動磁式直線振蕩電動機　出處：《中國科學(xué)院研究生院(上海技術(shù)物理研究所)》2016年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：本文在國家大型巡天相機研制的項目背景下,針對高溫區(qū)大冷量脈沖管制冷機的性能指標要求,設(shè)計開發(fā)了一臺采用動磁式直線振蕩電動機驅(qū)動的大功率線性壓縮機。全文介紹了線性壓縮機研制中所涉及的關(guān)鍵技術(shù),通過理論與實驗研究了壓縮機樣機與一臺同軸型脈沖管制冷機的耦合特性。通過解析模型研究了C字形直線振蕩電動機的磁路特性。結(jié)合電機結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù),從能量角度給出了電動機電磁力和線圈電感的表達式。利用電磁有限元軟件對電動機的靜態(tài)特性進行了模擬,確定了永磁體、勵磁線圈、磁軛等關(guān)鍵部件的最優(yōu)幾何尺寸,并驗證了電動機在特定負載下的動態(tài)運行特性。通過實驗對電動機損失機理進行了研究。建立了線性壓縮機的動力學(xué)模型,理論分析了壓縮活塞的動力特性。討論了不同阻尼條件下“質(zhì)量-彈簧-阻尼”系統(tǒng)的振動特性,實驗測量了樣機機械阻尼系數(shù),研究了諧振狀態(tài)和非諧振狀態(tài)下壓縮活塞的運動特性。理論研究了材料、型線以及結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸對板彈簧軸向和徑向剛度的影響,并借助結(jié)構(gòu)有限元軟件對具有偏心圓漸開線型和阿基米德螺旋線型的兩種板彈簧軸向和徑向剛度、應(yīng)力分布以及振動模態(tài)進行了模擬,通過實驗測量了兩種板彈簧的軸向剛度,與模擬值誤差在2%以內(nèi)。通過相位關(guān)系理論分析了典型斯特林制冷機與脈沖管制冷機的熱力學(xué)過程,研究了線性壓縮機壓縮腔內(nèi)氣體力的非線性特征,并通過傅立葉變換將其進行線性近似處理,等效為氣體彈簧力和氣體阻尼力。類比變壓器原理,將線性壓縮機與回?zé)崾街评錂C的匹配看作是“電磁-機械-聲”耦合場,通過各阻抗關(guān)系,推導(dǎo)了電動機機械效率和壓縮機PV功轉(zhuǎn)化效率的阻抗表達式。得到了線性壓縮機最大PV功轉(zhuǎn)化效率隨阻抗的變化規(guī)律。針對線性壓縮機與回?zé)崾街评錂C的耦合特性,對ANSY Maxwell電磁分析軟件進行了自定義腳本開發(fā),并搭建了線性壓縮機動態(tài)運行的聯(lián)合數(shù)值仿真平臺。并通過實驗驗證了數(shù)值仿真的準確性和有效性。理論分析了壓縮機功率因數(shù)的影響因素,提出了提高壓縮機功率因數(shù)的方法,并通過實驗研究了不同充氣壓力和板彈簧剛度下壓縮機的諧振特性。壓縮機重8kg,最大輸入功率大于500W。實驗測得樣機靜態(tài)比推力為13.9N/A,動態(tài)平均電感為17.26mH�？蛰d諧振狀態(tài)下的最優(yōu)運行頻率為30.5Hz。該樣機在驅(qū)動一臺同軸型脈沖管制冷機時,240W輸入功率下,獲得30W/170K的制冷性能。驅(qū)動兩臺相同的同軸型脈沖管制冷機,405W輸入功率下,獲得50W/170K的制冷性能,電動機效率和壓縮機PV功轉(zhuǎn)化效率分別為76%和45%。壓縮機并聯(lián)無極性電容后,電動機功率因數(shù)提高到0.88,電動機效率達到88%。驅(qū)動大冷量脈沖管冷指,175W和320W輸入功率下,分別能夠獲得30W/170K和50W/170K的制冷性能,壓縮機效率達到83.5%。
[Abstract]:In this paper, under the background of the development of the national large-scale aerial patrol camera, the performance requirements of the pulse tube refrigerator with large cooling capacity in the high temperature region are discussed. A high power linear compressor driven by moving magnetic linear oscillation motor is designed and developed. The key technologies involved in the development of linear compressor are introduced in this paper. The coupling characteristics of the compressor prototype and a coaxial pulse tube refrigerator are studied theoretically and experimentally. The magnetic circuit characteristics of the C-shaped linear oscillation motor are studied by analytical model. The expressions of the electromagnetic force and coil inductance of the motor are given from the angle of energy. The static characteristics of the motor are simulated by using the electromagnetic finite element software, and the optimum geometric dimensions of the key components, such as permanent magnet, excitation coil and yoke, are determined. The dynamic characteristics of the motor under specific load are verified. The mechanism of motor loss is studied through experiments. The dynamic model of linear compressor is established. The dynamic characteristics of compression piston are theoretically analyzed. The vibration characteristics of mass-spring-damping system under different damping conditions are discussed. The mechanical damping coefficient of the prototype is measured experimentally. The motion characteristics of compression piston in resonant and non-resonant states are studied. The effects of material, profile and structure size on the axial and radial stiffness of plate spring are theoretically studied. The axial and radial stiffness, stress distribution and vibration modes of two kinds of plate springs with eccentric involute and Archimedes helix are simulated by means of structural finite element software. The axial stiffness of two kinds of plate springs are measured by experiments. The thermodynamic process of the typical Stirling refrigerator and the pulse tube refrigerator is analyzed by the phase relation theory, and the nonlinear characteristics of the gas force in the compression chamber of the linear compressor are studied. By Fourier transform, the linear approximation is carried out, which is equivalent to the gas spring force and the gas damping force. By analogy with the principle of transformer, the matching between the linear compressor and the regenerative refrigerator is regarded as an electromagnetic mechanical-acoustic coupling field. Through the impedance relations, The impedance expressions of the motor mechanical efficiency and the PV power conversion efficiency of the compressor are derived. The law of the maximum PV power conversion efficiency with the impedance of the linear compressor is obtained. The coupling characteristics between the linear compressor and the regenerative refrigerator are discussed. In this paper, ANSY Maxwell electromagnetic analysis software is developed with custom script. A joint numerical simulation platform for the dynamic operation of linear compressors is built. The accuracy and validity of the numerical simulation are verified by experiments. The influencing factors of compressor power factor are analyzed theoretically. The method of improving the power factor of compressor is put forward. The resonant characteristics of the compressor under different inflatable pressure and plate spring stiffness are studied experimentally. The compressor weighs 8 kg and the maximum input power is greater than 500 W. the static specific thrust of the prototype is 13.9 NPA, and the dynamic average inductance is 17.26 mH. The optimal operating frequency is 30.5 Hz under the condition of driving a coaxial pulse tube refrigerator with an input power of 240W. The refrigeration performance of 30W / 170K is obtained. The refrigeration performance of 50W / 170K is obtained by driving two identical coaxial pulse tube refrigerators with 405W input power. The motor efficiency and the PV power conversion efficiency of the compressor are 76% and 45.After the parallel connection of the compressor without polarity, The motor power factor is increased to 0.88, and the motor efficiency reaches 88. Under the input power of 175W and 320W, the refrigeration performance of 30W / 170K and 50W / 170K can be obtained, respectively, and the compressor efficiency reaches 83.5%.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國科學(xué)院研究生院(上海技術(shù)物理研究所)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：TB652

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