發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-03-01 20:42

  本文關(guān)鍵詞： 近場聲全息 波疊加法 統(tǒng)計(jì)最優(yōu) 傳聲器陣列　出處：《南華大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：本文的研究內(nèi)容作為國家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目的一部分，主要研究基于傳聲器陣列的近場聲全息技術(shù)獲取機(jī)械設(shè)備關(guān)鍵聲源附近的中低頻信息。近場聲全息技術(shù)可以十分有效的識別定位噪聲源并實(shí)現(xiàn)聲場的可視化，它的應(yīng)用為機(jī)電產(chǎn)品的噪聲控制、低噪聲設(shè)計(jì)和聲質(zhì)量設(shè)計(jì)提供了極大的便利。根據(jù)大型設(shè)備聲學(xué)故障檢測和診斷的需要，從實(shí)際的工程應(yīng)用出發(fā)，對基于小型傳聲器陣列測量的近場聲全息技術(shù)進(jìn)行了研究。本文主要的工作內(nèi)容包括： 1）文章首先闡明了本文的課題來源，，回顧了近場聲全息技術(shù)和陣列測量技術(shù)的研究現(xiàn)狀，針對現(xiàn)有技術(shù)應(yīng)用于實(shí)際的局限性及其發(fā)展趨勢，確定了本文的研究內(nèi)容。 2）針對本文的研究對象，分析了機(jī)械性噪聲產(chǎn)生的原理。對基于傅立葉變換的近場聲全息技術(shù)，研究了關(guān)鍵參數(shù)的選擇對重建精度的影響。研究了基于波疊加的數(shù)據(jù)外推方法，降低了全息孔徑對傳統(tǒng)近場聲全息技術(shù)的限制。 3）仿真驗(yàn)證了結(jié)合吉洪諾夫正則化方法的統(tǒng)計(jì)最優(yōu)近場聲全息比基于傅立葉變換的近場聲全息具有更高的重建的精度。引入了基于混合波疊加法的聲場重建技術(shù)，實(shí)現(xiàn)了小測量孔徑下，聲場信息的精確重建。同時(shí)針對機(jī)械設(shè)備工作現(xiàn)場的復(fù)雜性，在全息測量面兩側(cè)都存在聲源的情況下，引入了基于混合波疊加法的聲場分離技術(shù)，結(jié)合了波疊加和統(tǒng)計(jì)最優(yōu)方法的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，此方法降低了測量成本、提高了實(shí)驗(yàn)效率。 4）近場聲全息技術(shù)中，還有一個(gè)重要的方面就是數(shù)據(jù)的采集，依靠傳聲器陣列進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)采集，本文研究了在不同缺失陣列下，聲場的重建效果，并通過在缺失陣中增加傳聲器測量點(diǎn)的方法，在一定程度上提高了聲場的重建精度；針對里面陣與外圍陣的缺點(diǎn)，通過在其中增加傳聲器測量點(diǎn)來提高聲場重建精度；仿真驗(yàn)證了在缺失陣測量下，聲場分離的可行性。 5）最后進(jìn)行了實(shí)驗(yàn)，實(shí)驗(yàn)基于十字陣列進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)采集，然后利用混合波疊加近場聲全息技術(shù)對模擬機(jī)械噪聲源進(jìn)行聲場重建，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)對噪聲信息的重建，實(shí)驗(yàn)得到了良好的效果。
[Abstract]:The research content of this paper is a part of the National Natural Science Foundation of China. This paper mainly studies the near field acoustic holography technology based on microphone array to obtain the middle and low frequency information near the key sound source of mechanical equipment. The near field acoustic holography technology can identify and locate the noise source effectively and realize the visualization of sound field. Its application provides great convenience for noise control, low noise design and sound quality design of mechanical and electrical products. The near field acoustic holography based on small microphone array measurement is studied. The main work of this paper is as follows:. 1) at first, the source of this thesis is clarified, the research status of near-field acoustic holography and array measurement is reviewed, and the research content is determined in view of the limitation and development trend of the existing technology applied in practice. 2) aiming at the research object of this paper, the principle of mechanical noise generation is analyzed. For the near field acoustic holography technology based on Fourier transform, the influence of the selection of key parameters on reconstruction accuracy is studied, and the data extrapolation method based on wave superposition is studied. The limitation of holographic aperture on traditional near-field acoustic holography is reduced. 3) the simulation results show that the statistical optimal near-field acoustic holography combined with Tikhonov regularization method has higher reconstruction accuracy than that based on Fourier transform, and the acoustic field reconstruction technique based on mixed wave superposition method is introduced. The accurate reconstruction of sound field information under small aperture measurement is realized. In view of the complexity of the working field of mechanical equipment and the presence of sound sources on both sides of the holographic measurement plane, the technique of acoustic field separation based on mixing wave superposition method is introduced. Combining the advantages of wave superposition and statistical optimal method, this method reduces the measurement cost and improves the experimental efficiency. 4) in the near field acoustic holography technology, there is also an important aspect of data acquisition, which depends on microphone array for data acquisition. In this paper, the effect of sound field reconstruction under different missing arrays is studied. The reconstruction accuracy of sound field is improved to a certain extent by adding the measuring points of microphone in the missing array, and the accuracy of sound field reconstruction is improved by adding the measuring points of microphone to the inner array and the peripheral array. Simulation results show that the separation of sound field is feasible under the measurement of missing array. 5) finally, the experiment is carried out, which is based on cross array data acquisition, and then uses mixed wave superposition near-field acoustic holography to reconstruct the sound field of analog mechanical noise source, so as to realize the reconstruction of noise information. The experiment has achieved good results.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南華大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TP212.9;TB53

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