本文關(guān)鍵詞： 高壓水射流清洗 靶面距離 曲面響應(yīng)法 回歸方程 靜力學(xué)分析　出處：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：由于高壓水射流清洗具有去污能力強(qiáng)，效率高，成本低，便于機(jī)械控制等特點(diǎn)，高壓水射流常用于清洗管道和貯箱。本課題針對(duì)我國(guó)長(zhǎng)征運(yùn)載火箭貯箱內(nèi)部的多余物清洗，對(duì)高壓水射流原理進(jìn)行研究并進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證。依據(jù)高壓水射流清洗方法的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，可應(yīng)用于大型罐體內(nèi)壁的清洗。本文對(duì)高壓水射流中水流的壓力和速度分布，噴射過(guò)程中靶面距離的選擇，噴嘴參數(shù)的設(shè)計(jì)和打擊到靶面應(yīng)力應(yīng)變的分布規(guī)律進(jìn)行仿真研究及實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證。高壓水射流清洗的仿真研究對(duì)促進(jìn)我國(guó)運(yùn)載火箭的多余物去除具有重要的意義。 首先，本文以高壓水射流清洗為研究對(duì)象，根據(jù)流體力學(xué)理論分析了水射流噴射過(guò)程中流體的動(dòng)態(tài)特性，包括壓力和速度等，為后續(xù)的研究奠定了基礎(chǔ)。 其次，建立了高壓水射流清洗噴射的有限元仿真模型。研究了發(fā)現(xiàn)靶面距離對(duì)高壓水射流的影響機(jī)制。獲得不同靶面距離下，，靶面上壓力和速度分布規(guī)律。此外，根據(jù)靶面的壓力和速度分布規(guī)律，計(jì)算高壓水射流有效打擊力的面積。獲得了噴嘴在不同傾斜角度下噴射時(shí)，靶面上速度和壓力的分布規(guī)律。 然后，建立了高壓水射流清洗噴射中噴嘴的有限元仿真模型。研究噴嘴內(nèi)部水射流的流動(dòng)狀態(tài)，即速度和壓力的分布規(guī)律。解釋了噴嘴中的空化現(xiàn)象產(chǎn)生的原因和造成的影響。采用響應(yīng)曲面法對(duì)仿真數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行處理，擬合兩個(gè)二次回歸方程，對(duì)所得到的回歸方程進(jìn)行檢驗(yàn)，證實(shí)方程的準(zhǔn)確性。 最后，建立了高壓水射流清洗機(jī)構(gòu)的有限元仿真模型。通過(guò)對(duì)機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行靜力學(xué)有限元仿真分析，獲得機(jī)構(gòu)的變形量和應(yīng)力應(yīng)變的分布規(guī)律。保證高壓水射流機(jī)構(gòu)受力平衡，以變形量最小條件為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，選取噴嘴的安裝方式，并計(jì)算水射流機(jī)構(gòu)變形量和內(nèi)部應(yīng)力應(yīng)變的大小。在泵的壓力提高情況下，研究水射流機(jī)構(gòu)的最大變形量，計(jì)算機(jī)構(gòu)承受清洗的最大壓力值。通過(guò)高壓水射流噴射有限元模型的仿真結(jié)果，得到高壓水射流的壓力分布曲線和高壓水射流的壓力分布方程，對(duì)靶面進(jìn)行仿真，獲得靶面的最大變形量。
[Abstract]:Since high pressure water jet cleaning has the characteristics of strong decontamination ability, high efficiency, low cost and convenient for mechanical control, high pressure water jet is often used to clean pipes and storage tanks. The principle of high pressure water jet is studied and the corresponding experimental verification is carried out. According to the advantages of high pressure water jet cleaning method, it can be used to clean the inner wall of large tank. The pressure and velocity distribution of water flow in high pressure water jet are studied in this paper. How to choose the distance between the targets in the process of injection, The design of nozzle parameters and the distribution of stress and strain on the target surface are simulated and verified by experiments. The simulation study of high pressure water jet cleaning is of great significance to promote the removal of excess material of launch vehicle in China. Firstly, in this paper, high pressure water jet cleaning is taken as the research object, and the fluid dynamic characteristics, including pressure and velocity, are analyzed according to the theory of hydrodynamics, which lays a foundation for further research. Secondly, the finite element simulation model of high pressure water jet cleaning injection is established. The influence mechanism of target distance on high pressure water jet is studied. The distribution of pressure and velocity on target surface under different target distance is obtained. According to the pressure and velocity distribution of the target surface, the area of the effective impact force of the high pressure water jet is calculated, and the distribution of velocity and pressure on the target surface is obtained when the nozzle is ejected at different inclined angles. Then, the finite element simulation model of the nozzle in the high pressure water jet cleaning injection is established, and the flow state of the water jet inside the nozzle is studied. That is, the distribution of velocity and pressure. The causes and effects of cavitation in the nozzle are explained. The simulation data are processed by using the response surface method, and the two quadratic regression equations are fitted, and the obtained regression equations are tested. Verify the accuracy of the equation. Finally, the finite element simulation model of the high pressure water jet cleaning mechanism is established. Through the static finite element simulation analysis of the mechanism, the distribution law of the deformation and stress strain of the mechanism is obtained, and the force balance of the high pressure water jet mechanism is ensured. With the minimum deformation condition as the standard, the installation mode of the nozzle is selected, and the amount of deformation and the internal stress and strain of the water jet mechanism are calculated. The maximum deformation of the water jet mechanism is studied under the condition of increasing the pump pressure. The pressure distribution curve of high pressure water jet and the pressure distribution equation of high pressure water jet are obtained through the simulation results of the finite element model of high pressure water jet injection, and the target surface is simulated. The maximum deformation of the target surface is obtained.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TB490

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