本文關鍵詞： 碳纖維復合材料 縱扭共振 模態(tài)分析 超聲銑削 切削機理　出處：《集美大學》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：碳纖維復合材料現(xiàn)在被廣泛的應用于航天航空、交通工具、體育器械、紡織及醫(yī)學等領域。由于其特殊結構和物理性質，傳統(tǒng)加工方法無法滿足其加工需求。而旋轉超聲加工具有很強的工藝優(yōu)勢，能很好地解決難加工材料的零件加工問題，提高加工效率和表面質量。但是目前其加工多采用單一縱向振動模式，所需加工轉速高，纖維材料加工表面還會出現(xiàn)部分毛刺、分層和凹坑等缺陷，刀具存在一定量的磨損，磨削中對磨粒粒度要求較高，周銑和孔加工的內壁表面質量較差，這都限制了其加工領域和形式。 本文以“縱扭共振旋轉超聲加工碳纖維復合材料的研究”為課題，采用兩種復合振動輸出的加工模式，從理論和試驗兩個方面，對縱扭共振旋轉超聲加工系統(tǒng)和銑削加工復合材料中的關鍵問題進行深入研究，其主要內容和成果如下： (1)介紹碳纖維復合材料加工和超聲加工技術的研究現(xiàn)狀，分析其中的不足。設計超聲換能器振子和斜槽傳振桿，，并進行模態(tài)分析，優(yōu)化其結構尺寸，提高其扭振輸出振幅。 (2)根據(jù)理論設計夾心式壓電換能器，利用有限元軟件對未加螺栓的換能器和加兩種不同材料螺栓的換能器進行模態(tài)仿真，并使用阻抗測試儀對換能器相關振動特性進行測試和分析，選取合適材料的螺栓對換能器進行預緊。 (3)以金屬切削原理和超聲振動加工的沖擊特性為基礎，根據(jù)流體動壓理論和摩擦學原理，建立刀具與工件間的簡單幾何模型。推導了簡單動壓幾何模型下前后刀面的動壓方程，分析了動壓油膜對刀具和工件加工表面的影響。研究超聲振動加工下周期性斷續(xù)微觀切削碳纖維復合材料的動壓作用機理，闡述刀具磨損后繼續(xù)再加工危害的原因，進行超聲振動加工試驗研究。 (4)建立超聲端銑碳纖維復合材料模型，分析兩種角度下端銑碳纖維復合材料機理，采用縱扭共振旋轉超聲端銑和普通端銑方式對碳纖維復合材料進行試驗研究。對比不同角度下的碳纖維復合材料超聲切削機理和普通切削機理，分析超聲切削下提高表面質量和減少刀具磨損原因，進行碳纖維復合材料的縱扭共振旋轉超聲銑削和普通銑削對比試驗。 (5)對碳纖維復合材料的縱扭共振旋轉超聲銑削工藝進行試驗研究，包括端銑和周銑正交試驗，切削液對超聲銑削效果的影響，以及不同切削角度下的超聲銑削對比。
[Abstract]:Carbon fiber composites are now widely used in aerospace, transportation, sports equipment, textiles and medicine, etc. Due to their special structure and physical properties, The traditional machining method can not meet its processing demand, and the rotary ultrasonic machining has a strong technological advantage, which can solve the problem of parts processing of difficult to be machined. The machining efficiency and surface quality are improved. However, at present, the machining adopts a single longitudinal vibration mode, the machining speed required is high, and some defects such as burr, delamination and pit will appear on the surface of the fiber material, and there is a certain amount of wear and tear on the cutting tool. In grinding, the grain size of abrasive particles is very high, and the surface quality of inner wall in the machining of circular milling and hole is poor, which limits its processing field and form. In this paper, "the study of longitudinal and torsional resonance ultrasonic machining of carbon fiber composites", two kinds of machining modes of compound vibration output are adopted, from two aspects of theory and experiment. The key problems of longitudinal and torsional resonance rotary ultrasonic machining system and milling composites are studied. The main contents and results are as follows:. This paper introduces the research status of carbon fiber composite material machining and ultrasonic machining technology, analyzes the shortcomings, designs ultrasonic transducer vibrator and skew slot vibration transmission rod, carries on modal analysis, optimizes its structure size, and increases its torsional vibration output amplitude. (2) the sandwich piezoelectric transducer is designed according to the theory. The modal simulation of the transducer without bolt and the transducer with two different materials is carried out by using finite element software. The related vibration characteristics of the transducer are tested and analyzed by using the impedance tester, and the bolts of suitable material are selected to pretighten the transducer. Based on the principle of metal cutting and the impact characteristics of ultrasonic vibration machining, a simple geometric model between cutting tool and workpiece is established according to hydrodynamic pressure theory and tribology principle. The effect of dynamic pressure oil film on the cutting surface of cutting tools and workpieces is analyzed. The mechanism of dynamic pressure of periodically intermittent micro cutting carbon fiber composites under ultrasonic vibration machining is studied. Ultrasonic vibration machining test was carried out. The model of ultrasonic end milling carbon fiber composites is established, and the mechanism of two kinds of lower end milling carbon fiber composites is analyzed. The experimental study on carbon fiber composites was carried out by means of longitudinal and torsional resonance rotary ultrasonic end milling and common end milling. The ultrasonic cutting mechanism and the common cutting mechanism of carbon fiber composites at different angles were compared. By analyzing the reasons of improving surface quality and reducing tool wear under ultrasonic cutting, a comparative experiment of longitudinal and torsional resonance rotary ultrasonic milling and conventional milling of carbon fiber composites was carried out. The experimental study on the longitudinal and torsional resonance rotary ultrasonic milling technology of carbon fiber composites is carried out, including the orthogonal test of end milling and circular milling, the effect of cutting fluid on ultrasonic milling effect, and the comparison of ultrasonic milling at different cutting angles.
【學位授予單位】：集美大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TB332;TB559

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