本文關(guān)鍵詞： 熱聲熱機(jī) 自激振蕩 網(wǎng)絡(luò) 穩(wěn)定性 混沌 辛 熱力學(xué)循環(huán) 優(yōu)化　出處：《武漢工程大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：熱聲熱機(jī)是能實現(xiàn)熱能與聲能相互轉(zhuǎn)換的一種新型能量裝置，熱能轉(zhuǎn)化為聲能是熱聲發(fā)動機(jī)，聲能驅(qū)動熱能泵送是熱聲制冷機(jī)，熱聲發(fā)動機(jī)與熱聲制冷機(jī)的耦合成為完全無運動部件的制冷機(jī)，因此研究熱聲發(fā)動機(jī)的熱功轉(zhuǎn)換機(jī)理具有重要意義。熱聲發(fā)動機(jī)從初始狀態(tài)到正常運行的過程是起振過程，也是一個建立自激振蕩的過程，對熱聲自激振蕩機(jī)理的研究有助于進(jìn)一步了解熱聲轉(zhuǎn)換實質(zhì)。本文在全面了解和總結(jié)熱聲理論的基礎(chǔ)上，分別從網(wǎng)絡(luò)理論、動力學(xué)和熱力學(xué)幾個角度分析了駐波熱聲發(fā)動機(jī)的自激振蕩機(jī)理，在實驗的基礎(chǔ)上分析了充氣壓力對維持自激振蕩的閥值溫度的影響。 本文的工作主要由以下幾個部分組成： 根據(jù)熱聲分布參數(shù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)模型，推導(dǎo)了各熱聲組件的網(wǎng)絡(luò)導(dǎo)納矩陣，建立了各熱聲組件的網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)以及整機(jī)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓?fù)�。將整機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)比擬成電網(wǎng)絡(luò)，利用哈密特式計算了輸入整機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的功流，網(wǎng)絡(luò)功流平衡對應(yīng)自激振蕩，根據(jù)這一判據(jù)利用閉環(huán)網(wǎng)絡(luò)拆環(huán)原理將整機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)拆成二端口開環(huán)網(wǎng)絡(luò)，在角頻率虛部為零的情況下計算了駐波熱聲發(fā)動機(jī)的閥值溫度和工作頻率，計算值與實驗值吻合良好。 從動力學(xué)的角度考查了熱聲自激振蕩系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定性。根據(jù)熱聲系統(tǒng)的基本方程組推導(dǎo)了一階波動量下的熱聲自激振蕩系統(tǒng)的時域自治方程組，計算了熱聲發(fā)動機(jī)在建立自激振蕩過程中的定態(tài)點，，利用Lyapunov穩(wěn)定性理論考查了定態(tài)的穩(wěn)定性，利用混沌動力學(xué)的相關(guān)概念描述了建立自激振蕩的過程中熱聲系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定性隨時間演變的動態(tài)行為。 降低熱聲發(fā)動機(jī)系統(tǒng)的能量損耗有利于降低維持自激振蕩的閥值溫度，提高對低品位能量的利用能力。對各熱聲組件的分布參數(shù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)傳輸矩陣進(jìn)行了辛對稱分析，在網(wǎng)絡(luò)傳輸矩陣辛對稱的基礎(chǔ)上，利用瑞利商式計算了各熱聲組件的最小本征阻抗，最小本征阻抗對應(yīng)最小網(wǎng)絡(luò)損耗，即最小能量損耗，給出了在熱聲系統(tǒng)的優(yōu)化設(shè)計中降低能量損耗能達(dá)到的最低限度，并考查了運行工況對最小網(wǎng)絡(luò)損耗的影響。 從熱力學(xué)的角度考查了熱聲自激振蕩在熱力學(xué)空間中的體現(xiàn)。熱力學(xué)循環(huán)是一種自激振蕩，根據(jù)流相工質(zhì)的振蕩特性，建立了不可逆駐波熱聲發(fā)動機(jī)微熱力學(xué)循環(huán)以及不可逆駐波熱聲制冷機(jī)微熱力學(xué)循環(huán)的理論模型，該模型在p-V相圖上是一個橢圓，推導(dǎo)了循環(huán)聲功率和熱效率以及循環(huán)制冷率和制冷系數(shù)，并利用有限時間熱力學(xué)的方法以熱力學(xué)第一性能、熱力學(xué)第二定律性能、生態(tài)學(xué)性能為優(yōu)化目標(biāo)考查了不可逆熱聲發(fā)動機(jī)微熱力學(xué)循環(huán)以及不可逆熱聲制冷機(jī)微熱力學(xué)循環(huán)的性能。 最后，在實驗室現(xiàn)有實驗裝置的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行了實驗，觀察了駐波熱聲發(fā)動機(jī)建立自激振蕩的過程，考查了充氣壓力對閥值溫度的影響，并與計算值進(jìn)行了對比。
[Abstract]:Thermoacoustic heat engine is a new type of energy device which can realize the conversion between heat energy and sound energy. The conversion of heat energy to sound energy is a thermoacoustic engine, and sound energy driving heat pump is a thermoacoustic refrigerator. The coupling of thermoacoustic engine and thermoacoustic refrigerator becomes a completely motionless refrigerator, so it is of great significance to study the thermo-power conversion mechanism of thermoacoustic engine. The process of thermoacoustic engine from initial state to normal operation is the process of starting vibration. It is also a process of establishing self-excited oscillation. The study of the mechanism of thermoacoustic self-excited oscillation is helpful to further understand the essence of thermoacoustic conversion. The self-excited oscillation mechanism of standing wave thermoacoustic engine is analyzed from several angles of dynamics and thermodynamics, and the effect of inflatable pressure on the threshold temperature for maintaining self-excited oscillation is analyzed on the basis of experiments. The work of this paper consists of the following parts:. According to the network model of thermoacoustic distribution parameters, the network admittance matrix of each thermoacoustic component is derived, the network topology of each thermoacoustic component and the network topology of the whole machine are established. The power flow of the input whole machine network is calculated by using the Hamilton formula, and the power flow balance of the network corresponds to the self-excited oscillation. According to this criterion, the whole machine network is divided into a two-port open-loop network by using the closed-loop network detaching principle. The threshold temperature and operating frequency of the standing wave thermoacoustic engine are calculated when the imaginary part of the angular frequency is zero, and the calculated values are in good agreement with the experimental values. The stability of thermoacoustic self-excited oscillation system is investigated from the point of view of dynamics. According to the basic equations of thermoacoustic system, the time-domain autonomous equations of thermoacoustic self-excited oscillation system under first-order fluctuation are derived. The steady-state points of thermoacoustic engine in the process of self-excited oscillation are calculated, and the stability of steady state is investigated by using Lyapunov stability theory. The dynamic behavior of the stability of thermoacoustic system during the process of establishing self-excited oscillation is described by using the related concepts of chaotic dynamics. Reducing the energy loss of thermoacoustic engine system is beneficial to reduce the threshold temperature of maintaining self-excited oscillation and improve the utilization ability of low-grade energy. The symplectic symmetry analysis of the distribution parameter network transmission matrix of each thermoacoustic module is carried out. On the basis of symplectic symmetry of network transmission matrix, the minimum eigenimpedance of each thermoacoustic module is calculated by Rayleigh quotient, and the minimum eigenimpedance corresponds to the minimum network loss, that is, the minimum energy loss. The minimum energy loss can be reduced in the optimal design of thermoacoustic system, and the influence of operation condition on the minimum network loss is investigated. The thermoacoustic self-excited oscillation in thermodynamic space is investigated from the point of view of thermodynamics. The thermodynamic cycle is a kind of self-excited oscillation. The theoretical models of the microthermodynamic cycle of an irreversible standing wave thermoacoustic engine and the microthermodynamic cycle of an irreversible standing wave thermoacoustic refrigerator are established. The model is an ellipse on the p-V phase diagram. The cyclic sound power and thermal efficiency, the cycle refrigeration rate and the refrigeration coefficient are derived. The first performance of thermodynamics and the second law of thermodynamics are obtained by using the method of finite time thermodynamics. The performance of microthermodynamics cycle of irreversible thermoacoustic engine and microthermodynamics cycle of irreversible thermoacoustic refrigerator were investigated for the optimization of ecological performance. Finally, on the basis of the existing experimental equipment in the laboratory, the process of establishing self-excited oscillation of standing wave thermoacoustic engine is observed, and the effect of inflatable pressure on the threshold temperature is examined and compared with the calculated value.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢工程大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TK05;TK123;TB651

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