本文關(guān)鍵詞： 現(xiàn)代制造環(huán)境 工時定額 相似性 產(chǎn)品制造難度系數(shù) 群決策理論　出處：《重慶大學》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：隨著經(jīng)濟全球化和科學技術(shù)的快速發(fā)展，企業(yè)競爭不斷加劇，加之客戶受教育程度的提高，使得客戶需求由以產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量和價格為中心向個性化外觀和多樣化功能轉(zhuǎn)變。因此，，現(xiàn)代制造環(huán)境發(fā)生了巨大變化。面對新的生產(chǎn)環(huán)境，企業(yè)要發(fā)展就必須降低生產(chǎn)成本、提高生產(chǎn)率。然而由于沒有準確工時所造成的產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)周期過長、人工成本過高、無法確定交貨期等問題，無形中降低了企業(yè)的競爭力。為此，企業(yè)需要制定準確的工時來規(guī)范其生產(chǎn)、經(jīng)營和管理，提高對市場的反應能力。傳統(tǒng)時間定額方法在大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)品類型單一、工作重復性高的環(huán)境下實用性強、精度性高。然而，現(xiàn)代生產(chǎn)環(huán)境生產(chǎn)訂單隨機、產(chǎn)品種類繁多、工作重復性低、生產(chǎn)柔性大的特點決定了傳統(tǒng)工時的確定方法已不能滿足企業(yè)和客戶對工時制定的高效率和高精度的要求。因此，如何低成本、高效率地確定產(chǎn)品工時成為一個亟待解決的問題。 本文根據(jù)現(xiàn)代制造環(huán)境的特點，在企業(yè)產(chǎn)品工時數(shù)據(jù)庫的基礎(chǔ)上，提出了以產(chǎn)品制造難度系數(shù)為研究對象的工時定額制定新方法。該方法遵循由整體到局部、由宏觀到微觀的思想，以產(chǎn)品制造難度系數(shù)為準則，運用相似性科學和群決策理論，提高工時制定的效率和準確性。首先，通過分析現(xiàn)代制造環(huán)境的特點和對工時定額的要求，提出了基于產(chǎn)品制造難度系數(shù)的工時制定新方法；其次，為保證工時制定的效率，較少重復勞動，構(gòu)建產(chǎn)品相似性度量模型，該相似性判定著眼于產(chǎn)品的兩個方面：產(chǎn)品要素數(shù)量和要素特征；第三，定義了產(chǎn)品制造難度系數(shù)的概念，并給出了計算模型，在相似產(chǎn)品層面考慮產(chǎn)品自身特性對工時定額的影響，增加工時的準確性；第四，構(gòu)建產(chǎn)品制造難度系數(shù)和工時定額的關(guān)系模型，運用最小二乘法進行參數(shù)估計，引入t值法檢驗模型的準確性；最后，通過案例闡述新方法的具體操作過程。
[Abstract]:With the globalization of economy and the rapid development of science and technology, the competition of enterprises is becoming more and more serious, together with the improvement of customer's education level, which makes the customer's demand change from focusing on product quality and price to individualized appearance and diversified function. Great changes have taken place in the modern manufacturing environment. In the face of the new production environment, enterprises must reduce production costs and increase productivity if they want to develop. However, the production cycle of products without accurate working hours is too long and the labor costs are too high. Problems such as the inability to determine the due date have virtually reduced the competitiveness of the enterprise. To this end, the enterprise needs to establish accurate working hours to regulate its production, operation and management. The traditional time quota method has strong practicability and high precision in the environment of single product type and high work repeatability. However, the production order is random in modern production environment, and there are many kinds of products. The characteristics of low repeatability and high flexibility in production determine that the traditional method of determining working hours can no longer meet the requirements of enterprises and customers for high efficiency and precision in working hours. Therefore, how to reduce the cost, It is an urgent problem to determine the working hours of products efficiently. According to the characteristics of modern manufacturing environment and on the basis of enterprise product man-hour database, this paper presents a new method of making man-hour quota based on manufacturing difficulty coefficient. The idea from macro to micro, taking the difficulty coefficient of product manufacturing as the criterion, using similarity science and group decision theory, improves the efficiency and accuracy of man-hour making. First, by analyzing the characteristics of modern manufacturing environment and the requirement of man-hour quota, A new method of making man-hour based on manufacturing difficulty coefficient is proposed. Secondly, in order to ensure the efficiency of man-hour formulation and reduce repeated work, a product similarity measurement model is constructed. The similarity judgment focuses on two aspects of the product: the number of product elements and the characteristics of the elements. Thirdly, the concept of manufacturing difficulty coefficient is defined, and the calculation model is given. In the similar product level, considering the influence of product's own characteristics on man-hour quota, increasing the accuracy of man-hour; 4th, constructing the relationship model of manufacturing difficulty coefficient and man-hour quota, using the least square method to estimate the parameters, T value method is introduced to verify the veracity of the model. Finally, the concrete operation process of the new method is explained by a case study.
【學位授予單位】：重慶大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TB497

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