本文關(guān)鍵詞： 吸振器 振動控制 遺傳算法 變質(zhì)量 PID　出處：《長安大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：機(jī)械振動不僅會導(dǎo)致機(jī)器本身的性能和可靠性降低,而且會對人體造成損害,同時(shí)也是噪聲公害的原因,是一個(gè)非常重要的課題,而動力吸振器是工程實(shí)際中最常用的減振設(shè)備。其實(shí)現(xiàn)是將一個(gè)由質(zhì)量-阻尼-彈簧構(gòu)成的附加系統(tǒng)安裝在振動系統(tǒng)上,改變附加系統(tǒng)的固有頻率,使主振系統(tǒng)的振動能量向吸振器上移動,以此削弱主振系統(tǒng)振動幅度。本文研究了一種基于變質(zhì)量的新型動力吸振器,通過對吸振器質(zhì)量的控制,使得吸振器固有頻率與外界激振頻率一致,實(shí)現(xiàn)主振系統(tǒng)振幅衰減的目的。論文的主要工作和研究成果如下:為了研究變質(zhì)量吸振器的實(shí)現(xiàn)方法,首先介紹了目前實(shí)現(xiàn)變質(zhì)量的兩種方法,一種是利用磁鐵吸附磁粉改變吸振器質(zhì)量,另一種是在吸振器兩側(cè)安裝不同質(zhì)量塊,通過切換質(zhì)量塊變質(zhì)量的方法,最后提出了本文變質(zhì)量吸振器的實(shí)現(xiàn)方法和具體的實(shí)現(xiàn)設(shè)計(jì),搭建了由主振系統(tǒng)、吸振器、采集模塊、控制器以及執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)組成的變質(zhì)量動力吸振器的控制實(shí)驗(yàn)臺。為了研究動力吸振器的減振原理,首先分析了無阻尼和有阻尼動力吸振器的吸振原理,討論了影響吸振器減振的因素和抑制振動基本原理。在此基礎(chǔ)上,建立了基于變質(zhì)量動力吸振器數(shù)學(xué)模型,并且研究了其吸振特性,為實(shí)現(xiàn)變質(zhì)量動力吸振器提供了理論基礎(chǔ)為了研究吸振器變質(zhì)量系統(tǒng)的整體特性,對提供和輸送液體的蠕動泵—軟管系統(tǒng)的模型進(jìn)行了實(shí)驗(yàn)分析研究。結(jié)合管道建模方法和軟管的特點(diǎn),采用實(shí)驗(yàn)方法建立了蠕動泵—軟管傳遞函數(shù)模型,為實(shí)現(xiàn)變質(zhì)量吸振器的有效控制奠定了基礎(chǔ)。為了獲得理想的吸振控制效果,以主振系統(tǒng)的位移為控制目標(biāo),采用PID閉環(huán)控制策略,對變質(zhì)量動力吸振器控制系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了仿真研究。研究了基于遺傳算法的PID參數(shù)整定方法,并采用遺傳算法對PID參數(shù)優(yōu)化,改善了吸振器的控制效果。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明:通過控制算法可以有效的減小主振系統(tǒng)的振幅強(qiáng)度,使系統(tǒng)具有較好的動態(tài)性能。
[Abstract]:Mechanical vibration will not only reduce the performance and reliability of the machine itself, but also cause damage to the human body, but also the noise pollution, is a very important topic, and the dynamic vibration absorber is the most commonly used vibration equipment engineering. Its implementation is an additional mass damper spring system which is installed in the vibration system, changing the natural frequency of the vibration energy of the additional system, the main vibration absorber system to move on, to weaken the vibration amplitude of the main vibration system. The paper presents a new kind of dynamic vibration absorber based on variable mass, through control of the quality of the absorber, absorber the inherent frequency and the frequency, to achieve the main vibration amplitude attenuation system. The main work and research results are as follows: in order to study the variable mass absorber realization method, firstly introduces the realization of metamorphism Two kinds of methods, one is the use of magnets magnetic absorber mass change, the other is in the vibration absorber is installed on both sides of different mass method, quality by switching the quality block, finally puts forward the design method and Realization of variable mass concrete vibration absorber, built by the main vibration system, vibration absorber, acquisition module, power control, variable mass actuator vibration absorber control platform. In order to study the vibration principle of dynamic vibration absorber, firstly analyzes the undamped vibration absorbers and principle of dynamic vibration absorber, the influence factors of vibration absorbers and suppression the basic principle of vibration is discussed. Based on the established mathematical model of vibration absorbing power based on variable quality, and study its vibration characteristics, the quality of the dynamic vibration absorber provides a theoretical basis for the whole research of vibration absorber system for variable mass and variable Characteristics of peristaltic pump and hose - system provides liquid transportation model is studied. Experimental analysis combined with the characteristics of pipeline modeling method and hose, a peristaltic pump hose - transfer function model by the experimental methods for the realization of the basic foundation of effective control of variable quality vibration absorber to vibration control effect is obtained. The ideal, with displacement of main vibration system as the control target, the PID closed loop control strategy, the simulation study on variable mass dynamic vibration absorber control system. The PID parameters tuning method based on genetic algorithm, the genetic algorithm was used to optimize the parameters of the PID, improve the control effect of vibration absorber. The experimental results show that the algorithm can reduce the amplitude by controlling the main vibration system effectively, so the system has good dynamic performance.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：長安大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：TB535.1

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本文編號：1479296