本文關(guān)鍵詞： 設(shè)備性能 在線監(jiān)測 能耗 優(yōu)化 GA NSGA-II　出處：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：能源作為當(dāng)今世界最熱門的主題之一，已經(jīng)受到各個國家乃至國際組織的重視。如何減低能源消耗并提高能源的利用率已經(jīng)成為目前生產(chǎn)制造企業(yè)面臨的重點，，同時也是難點之一。另一方面，在生產(chǎn)制造系統(tǒng)中，設(shè)備的性能不僅影響到生產(chǎn)加工的質(zhì)量，而且對車間的能源消耗有著至關(guān)重要的影響。因此，本文對考慮設(shè)備性能的車間能耗優(yōu)化方法的研究對指導(dǎo)實際生產(chǎn)企業(yè)進行車間能效管理具有重要意義。 以一臺Haas VF-2數(shù)控加工中心作為實驗對象，通過對能直接反應(yīng)設(shè)備加工性能的刀具的磨損過程的研究來分析設(shè)備性能變化的過程，選取了PVC涂層刀具切削45號鋼的加工過程，設(shè)計了實驗的具體方案；從硬件系統(tǒng)和軟件兩個方面，對加工過程數(shù)據(jù)采集系統(tǒng)進行了設(shè)計和開發(fā)，實現(xiàn)對刀具磨損實驗過程中機床主軸振動以及功率數(shù)據(jù)進行實時的采集、顯示和存儲；設(shè)計了正交試驗進行刀具磨損試切實驗，實驗結(jié)果驗證了數(shù)據(jù)采集系統(tǒng)的可行性，同時為加工參數(shù)和實驗流程的確定提供了支撐。 給出了刀具磨損量測量的實驗方案，并分析了刀具磨損的測量結(jié)果，同時對刀具磨損過程中采集到的主軸X軸方向和Y軸方向振動以及機床的功率信號進行了分析，采用曲線擬合法對振動-磨損的具體函數(shù)關(guān)系進行了分析，提出了基于振動信號的設(shè)備性能在線監(jiān)測方法，并通過實驗結(jié)果驗證了該方法的可行性及有效性；通過分析加工功率隨時間的變化，建立了設(shè)備性能衰退過程中的加工功率-時間模型。 在對實際作業(yè)車間調(diào)度問題進行分析和描述的基礎(chǔ)上，建立了調(diào)度時間模型；通過將能耗分成加工能耗、調(diào)整能耗、運輸能耗、等待能耗和公共能耗五個部分，對車間能耗模型進行了建立；提出了通過采用基于加權(quán)的GA和NSGA-II對車間優(yōu)化調(diào)度問題進行求解，并對編碼、解碼以及遺傳操作過程進行了詳細地介紹。這兩種算法適用于不同的實際情況，滿足了不同企業(yè)對車間能耗優(yōu)化的不同需求。 選取哈市某刀具生產(chǎn)作業(yè)車間作為應(yīng)用背景，對作業(yè)車間模型的參數(shù)進行詳細地設(shè)定，在此基礎(chǔ)上分別采用基于加權(quán)的GA和NSGA-II對所研究的作業(yè)車間進行考慮設(shè)備性能的車間能耗優(yōu)化，優(yōu)化結(jié)果表明，基于加權(quán)的GA可以通過調(diào)節(jié)權(quán)重對優(yōu)化目標(biāo)的側(cè)重點進行控制；而NSGA-II可以得到多組的可行優(yōu)解供管理者直接選取合適的方案。最后，通過對能耗優(yōu)化過程中五部分能耗的變化規(guī)律分析表明，考慮隨著設(shè)備性能的變化設(shè)備加工功率隨時間變化的情況下，對車間能耗進行優(yōu)化更符合實際生產(chǎn)過程的能耗變化，因此優(yōu)化結(jié)果更具有實際應(yīng)用價值。 本文以數(shù)據(jù)采集系統(tǒng)的搭建為基礎(chǔ)，提出了基于振動信號的設(shè)備性能在線監(jiān)測方法，并應(yīng)用該方法實現(xiàn)了設(shè)備性能衰退過程中的加工功率-時間模型的建立，將該模型結(jié)合到車間能耗模型中，提出了考慮設(shè)備性能的車間能耗優(yōu)化方法，對實際制造生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)進行能效管理具有十分重要的實際應(yīng)用價值和指導(dǎo)意義。
[Abstract]:As one of the most popular themes in today ' s world , energy has been paid more and more attention by various countries and even international organizations . How to reduce energy consumption and improve the utilization of energy has become the focus of current production and manufacturing enterprises , and it is one of the difficulties . On the other hand , in the production and manufacturing system , the performance of the equipment not only affects the quality of the production process , but also has a vital influence on the energy consumption of the workshop . Therefore , the research on the workshop energy consumption optimization method considering the equipment performance is of great significance to guide the actual production enterprises to carry out the workshop energy efficiency management . Based on the research of the wear process of cutting tool with direct reaction equipment as an experimental object , the machining process of cutting 45 steel with direct reaction equipment was studied . The design and development of machining process data acquisition system were designed and developed from two aspects of hardware system and software . The experiment of tool wear test was carried out on the basis of hardware system and software . The experimental results validate the feasibility of data acquisition system , and also provide support for the determination of machining parameters and experimental procedures . In this paper , the experimental scheme of tool wear measurement is presented , and the results of tool wear are analyzed . The relationship between the X - axis direction and the Y - axis direction and the power signal of the machine tool are analyzed . The method of online monitoring of vibration - wear based on the curve fitting method is presented , and the feasibility and effectiveness of the method are verified by the experimental results . The machining power - time model in the process of the device performance degradation is established by analyzing the change of the machining power over time . Based on the analysis and description of the actual job shop scheduling problem , the scheduling time model is established . The workshop energy consumption model is established by dividing the energy consumption into five parts of processing energy consumption , adjusting energy consumption , transportation energy consumption , waiting for energy consumption and public energy consumption . In this paper , based on weighted GA and NSGA - II , based on weighted GA and NSGA - II , the optimization goal should be controlled directly . Based on the building of data acquisition system , this paper presents an on - line monitoring method of equipment performance based on vibration signal , and the method is applied to build up the processing power - time model in the process of equipment performance degradation . The model is combined into the workshop energy consumption model , and the workshop energy consumption optimization method considering the equipment performance is put forward , and the practical application value and guiding significance for energy efficiency management of the actual manufacturing production system are put forward .

【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TB493

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