本文關(guān)鍵詞： 消聲器 噪聲 仿真模擬 GT-POWER　出處：《大連理工大學》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：隨著汽車行業(yè)和交通運輸業(yè)的快速發(fā)展,人們對汽車的依賴性越來越強,也因此我國汽車保有量逐年大幅度的增加,當前城市的汽車噪聲治理面臨著更大的壓力與挑戰(zhàn),同時人們對汽車的舒適性要求也越來越高。汽車產(chǎn)生的噪聲有諸多因素,但汽車發(fā)動機的排氣噪聲在汽車整體噪聲中大約占有30%的比例。人們在控制發(fā)動機的排氣噪聲時,如果僅控制噪聲源減噪量是非常有限的。因此,最簡單且最有效的減噪措施是在發(fā)動機排氣系統(tǒng)上安裝排氣消聲器。優(yōu)良的消聲器一方面可以大范圍的減小內(nèi)燃機多個頻率的排氣噪聲,另一方面也不可讓內(nèi)燃機出現(xiàn)太大的功率損失。傳統(tǒng)上,試驗方法在消聲器研究中是一個汽車噪聲研究者的重要手段,然而,受限于試驗成本的控制以及試驗研究的較長周期,這些因素給研究者帶來了很多不便。隨著計算機的發(fā)展以及仿真技術(shù)在汽車方面的深入應用,GT-POWER在汽車性能的仿真計算方面得到了廣泛的使用,大量的實踐證明,利用GT-POWER在消聲器的設計開發(fā)具備較高的可靠性,消聲器前期的設計開發(fā)在一定程度上可以代替試驗研究。 本論文運用GT-POWER軟件,針對某6缸渦輪增壓發(fā)動機進行建立模型并仿真計算,首先進行了發(fā)動機動力性的標定過程驗證模型的準確性。通過對發(fā)動機經(jīng)常運行的轉(zhuǎn)速段噪聲進行分析,分析了1/3倍頻程、各階次噪聲和尾管總體噪聲圖,探究其排氣噪聲源聲學特性。按照消聲器的設計原則,建立以及不斷改進,從中優(yōu)化得出一個排氣消聲器,以方案1為藍本,改進出兩種不同類型,建造消聲器耦合柴油機時的模型以評價消聲器降噪性能,并對其噪聲性能進行了模擬分析。建立消聲器的傳遞損失、插入損失和壓力損失模型,并對3個相異類型消聲器的進行了比較研究。同時考慮多個因素,依據(jù)仿真結(jié)果對方案1內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)進行了改造,并通過對調(diào)整內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)后的消聲器的模擬計算,確立了消聲器內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化的原則。最后在綜合考慮消聲量和壓力損失的前提下,仿真結(jié)果認為方案3的整體消聲性能以及背壓的效果是最優(yōu)的,各項性能都可以滿足其限制要求。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of the automobile industry and transportation industry, people rely more and more on the automobile. Therefore, the number of cars in our country is increasing year by year. At present, the automobile noise control in the city is facing more pressure and challenge, at the same time, people have higher and higher requirements for the comfort of the automobile. There are many factors in the noise caused by the automobile. But the exhaust noise of automobile engine is about 30% percent of the total noise. When people control the exhaust noise of the engine, it is very limited if only the noise source is controlled. The simplest and most effective noise reduction measure is to install exhaust muffler on the engine exhaust system. On the one hand, the excellent muffler can reduce the exhaust noise of internal combustion engine with multiple frequencies in a wide range. On the other hand, the internal combustion engine should not have too much power loss. Traditionally, the test method is an important means of vehicle noise researchers in the study of mufflers, however. Limited by the control of test cost and the long period of experimental research, these factors bring a lot of inconvenience to researchers. With the development of computer and the application of simulation technology in automobile. GT-POWER has been widely used in the simulation calculation of automobile performance. A large number of practices have proved that the design and development of muffler using GT-POWER has a high reliability. To some extent, the design and development of muffler can replace the experimental research. In this paper, GT-POWER software is used to model and simulate a 6-cylinder turbocharged engine. Firstly, the veracity of the model is verified by the calibration process of engine dynamic performance. By analyzing the noise of engine running frequently, the 1/3 times frequency range, the noise of each order and the overall noise diagram of tail tube are analyzed. According to the design principle of muffler, establish and improve continuously, from which an exhaust muffler is optimized, and two different types of muffler are improved based on scheme 1. The model of muffler coupling diesel engine is built to evaluate the noise reduction performance of muffler, and its noise performance is simulated and analyzed. The model of transmission loss, insertion loss and pressure loss of muffler is established. At the same time, considering several factors, the internal structure of scheme 1 is modified according to the simulation results, and the muffler after adjusting the internal structure is simulated and calculated. The principle of internal structure optimization of muffler is established. Finally, the simulation results show that the overall performance of the scheme 3 and the effect of back pressure are optimal on the premise of comprehensive consideration of noise reduction and pressure loss. Each performance can satisfy its limit request.
【學位授予單位】：大連理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：U464.172;TB535.2

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